Mössbauer Characterization of Iron in Ancient Buried Trees Excavated from the Foothills of Mt. Chokai

Yamauchi, Shigeru; Kurimoto, Yasuji; Sakai, Yoichi

doi:10.14494/jnrs.17.23

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…As described in our previous studies [1][2][3], "umoregi" is the most common Japanese term that refer to ancient trees buried or submerged as a result of natural phenomena (e.g., landslides, debris, avalanches, and ground subsidence) over several centuries ago. This term is generally applied to the ancient trees that have not been substantially denatured in terms of their physical properties and main chemical constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mössbauer and Raman characterization of ash produced by burning ancient buried Japanese cedar and investigation for its unusual color tone

Yamauchi

Kurimoto

Takayama

et al. 2020

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopic characterization of colored ash samples made by combustion of ancient buried Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) was carried out, and the factors governing the color tones were investigated mainly in terms of the chemical species of Fe. The ash samples displayed various unusual colors, depending clearly on the individual ancient tree and the part of it. Some of Mössbauer spectra of the ash samples showed magnetic hyperfine splittings due to internal magnetic fields. The Mössbauer and Raman spectra suggested that the primary Fe-containing species in all the ash samples was calcium ferrite, Ca2Fe2O5.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mössbauer and Raman characterization of ash produced by burning ancient buried Japanese cedar and investigation for its unusual color tone

Yamauchi

Kurimoto

Takayama

et al. 2020

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…The anion of the iron salt also plays a significant role in the color of ebonized wood. Yamauchi et al [8] studied four trees (Japanese cedar, chestnut, oak, zelkova) buried or submerged for long periods, called umoregi, and found colors due to reaction with environmental iron that fell into two pairs. One pair (chestnut and oak) contained no chloride and displayed black colors due to Fe(III) complexes with octahedral geometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron acetate solution prepared from steel wool and vinegar for ebonizing wood

Thompson

2023

J Wood Sci

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Woodworkers darken wood by reacting iron in solution with tannins in the wood to form blue–black phenolate complexes, a process called ebonizing. According to the literature, the darkness and color are controlled by the tannin concentration (higher, darker) and the counterion of iron (acetate, darker). Iron acetate is not readily available, so woodworkers prepare it in the woodshop by reacting steel wool and vinegar. This reaction was studied. Products were ferrous acetate Fe(CH3COO)2.4H2O (and H2) and subsequently basic iron acetate [Fe3O(C2H3O2) 6(H2O)3](CH3COO) by air oxidation, giving a red-colored solution. Both inorganic phosphate and air (O2) were required for maximal reaction rate. A volume of 85 mL of distilled white vinegar per gram of super fine (#0000) aged steel wool provided a final reaction mixture with fully dissolved steel and no precipitated products. Maximal darkening of cherry and red oak wood with minimal application of iron solution was attained by applying a 0.125 M iron acetate solution at a rate of 1 mL per 125 cm2 of wood surface. A protocol for creating and using an iron acetate ebonizing solution is described and was demonstrated to be a much-improved version of the one currently promoted in the woodworking literature.

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“…Although ordinary IR techniques do not always provide a fine spectrum for black or dark samples such as charcoal and degraded wood due to non-resonant absorption, IR-PA technique is suitable for obtaining the IR spectra of such samples. For example, this technique was used to such samples, revealing that it is a useful method for determining chemical changes in functional groups [12][13][14]. It is well known that Raman signals provide information about sp 2 bonding in carbon materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cesium-adsorption mechanisms of woody charcoal discussed on the basis of its functional groups and nanostructure

et al. 2019

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The present study examined the Cs +-adsorption behavior of Japanese oak (Quercus serrata Thunb.) charcoal (OC) samples carbonized at 300, 500, and 700 °C to clarify the adsorption mechanisms from aqueous solution. Adsorption isotherms indicated that the Cs +-adsorption ability of OC depended strongly on carbonization temperature (CT) and suggested that the ability reached a maximum within the CT range from 300 to 700 °C. Infrared-photoacoustic (IR-PA) and Raman spectra of OC samples were obtained to investigate the functional groups and nanostructure in OC. Raman signals exhibited graphite precursor production even in OC synthesized at 300 °C. IR-PA spectral bands provided positive evidence that OC carbonized at 300 or 500 °C contained sufficient OH groups, and some of which were free from hydrogen bonding. Detecting free OH groups was the most important outcome in this study as it allowed exploration of the OC nanostructure. The experimental data indicated that the primary attraction to Cs + is due to the surface OH groups in OC, therefore offering an approach to synthesizing woody charcoal with a high Cs +-adsorption performance.

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Mössbauer Characterization of Iron in Ancient Buried Trees Excavated from the Foothills of Mt. Chokai

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Mössbauer and Raman characterization of ash produced by burning ancient buried Japanese cedar and investigation for its unusual color tone

Mössbauer and Raman characterization of ash produced by burning ancient buried Japanese cedar and investigation for its unusual color tone

Iron acetate solution prepared from steel wool and vinegar for ebonizing wood

Cesium-adsorption mechanisms of woody charcoal discussed on the basis of its functional groups and nanostructure

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