Mosquitoes and the Environment in Nile Delta Villages with Previous Rift Valley Fever Activity

Zayed, Abdelbaset B.; Britch, Seth C.; Soliman, Mohamed H.; Linthicum, Kenneth J.

doi:10.2987/14-6469r

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The study showed that, Cx. pipiens is the most abundant species (71.2%) as compared with the other collected species, this indicated by other studies in other areas throughout Egypt (Hoogstraal et al, 1979Zayed 1989and Zayed et al, 2015. Cx antennatus was the 2 nd collected mosquito species fed mainly on human 100% from indoor as mixed blood and 10% as single blood meal, as well as cow blood 66.6% because of that this species act as a secondary vector of filariasis and in arbovirus transmission (Darwish and Hoogstraal, 1981, Zayed 1989and Zayed et al, 2015.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Molecular Identification of Mammalian Blood Meals in Mosquito Vectors in Nile Delta, Egypt

Zayed

Eltaly

Samie

2019

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical En

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The Journal of Medical Entomology and Parasitology is one of the series issued quarterly by the Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. It is an important specialist journal covering the latest advances in that subject. It publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of basic and applied medical entomology, parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in parasite biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, ecology and epidemiology in the content of the biological, medical entomology and veterinary sciences. In addition to that, the journal promotes research on the impact of living organisms on their environment with emphasis on subjects such a resource, depletion, pollution, biodiversity, ecosystem…..etc. www.eajbs.eg.netProvided for non-commercial research and education use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…This study and most studies have shown that, Cx. pipiens is the most abundant species in other areas throughout Egypt (Hoogstraal et al, 1979 andZayed et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Mammalian Blood Meals in Mosquito Vectors in Nile Delta, Egypt

Zayed

Eltaly

Samie

2019

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, E. Medical En

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“…pipiens density. Zayed and collaborators [ 17 ] demonstrated that in the areas where the seasonal flooding of the Nile Delta occurred, the population of vectors changed significantly, mainly in late summer-early fall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culex pipiens has been traditionally considered the main vector of RVFV in Egypt [ 16 ], and recent entomological studies seem to confirm that [ 17 ]. In fact the competence of Egyptian Cx .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the legal trade of cattle and camels and the derived risk of Rift Valley Fever introduction into and transmission within Egypt

et al. 2018

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Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis, which may cause significant losses for the livestock sector and have serious public health implications. Egypt has been repeatedly affected by RVF epidemics, mainly associated to the importation of animals from sub-Saharan countries, where the disease is endemic. The objective of our study was the improvement of the surveillance and control strategies implemented in Egypt. In order to do that, first we evaluated the legal trade of live animals into and within Egypt. Then, we assessed the risk of Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) transmission within the country using a multi-criteria evaluation approach. Finally, we combined the animal trade and the risk of RVFV transmission data to identify those areas and periods in which the introduction of RVFV is more likely. Our results indicate that the main risk of RVFV introduction is posed by the continuous flow of large number of camels coming from Sudan. The risk of RVFV transmission by vectors is restricted to the areas surrounding the Nile river, and does not vary significantly throughout the year. Imported camels are taken to quarantines, where the risk of RVFV transmission by vectors is generally low. Then, they are taken to animal markets or slaughterhouses, many located in populated areas, where the risk of RVFV transmission to animals or humans is much higher. The measures currently implemented (quarantines, vaccination or testing) seem to have a limited effect in reducing the risk of RVFV introduction, and therefore other (risk-based) surveillance strategies are proposed.

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“…Main vectors for the RVFV transmission in Egypt are mosquitos of genus Culex [40]. In 2009 Ramadan [27] collected these mosquitos from Dakahlia governorate and found 11.1% positive encompassing 806 mosquitos in 13 pools which indicates virus maintenance in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

et al. 2017

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BackgroundRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) caused several outbreaks throughout the African continent and the Arabian Peninsula posing significant threat to human and animal health. In Egypt the first and most important Rift Valley fever epidemic occurred during 1977/78 with a multitude of infected humans and huge economic losses in livestock. After this major outbreak, RVF epidemics re-occurred in irregular intervals between 1993 and 2003. Seroprevalence of anti-RVFV antibodies in livestock during inter-epidemic periods can be used for supporting the evaluation of the present risk exposure for animal and public health. A serosurvey was conducted during 2014/2015 in non-vaccinated livestock including camels, sheep, goats and buffalos in different areas of the Nile River Delta as well as the furthermost southeast of Egypt to investigate the presence of anti-RVFV antibodies for further evaluating of the risk exposure for animal and human health. All animals integrated in this study were born after the last Egyptian RVF epidemic in 2003 and sampled buffalos and small ruminants were not imported from other endemic countries.ResultsA total of 873 serum samples from apparently healthy animals from different host species (camels: n = 221; sheep: n = 438; goats: n = 26; buffalo: n = 188) were tested serologically using RVFV competition ELISA, virus neutralization test and/or an indirect immunofluorescence assay, depending on available serum volume. Sera were assessed positive when virus neutralization test alone or least two assays produced consistent positive results. The overall seroprevalence was 2.29% (95%CI: 1.51–3.07) ranging from 0% in goats, 0.46% in sheep (95%CI: 0.41–0.5), and 3.17% in camels (95%CI: 0.86–5.48) up to 5.85% in buffalos (95%CI: 2.75–8.95).ConclusionOur findings assume currently low level of circulating virus in the investigated areas and suggest minor indication for a new RVF epidemic. Further the results may indicate that during long inter-epidemic periods, maintenance of the virus occur in vectors and also most probably in buffaloes within cryptic cycle where sporadic, small and local epidemics may occur. Therefore, comprehensive and well-designed surveillance activities are urgently needed to detect first evidence for transition from endemic to epidemic cycle.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0993-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Mosquitoes and the Environment in Nile Delta Villages with Previous Rift Valley Fever Activity

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Molecular Identification of Mammalian Blood Meals in Mosquito Vectors in Nile Delta, Egypt

Molecular Identification of Mammalian Blood Meals in Mosquito Vectors in Nile Delta, Egypt

Understanding the legal trade of cattle and camels and the derived risk of Rift Valley Fever introduction into and transmission within Egypt

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley fever virus in livestock during inter-epidemic period in Egypt, 2014/15

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