Mosquito Net Ownership, Utilization, and Preferences among Mobile and Migrant Populations Sleeping in Forests and Farms in Central Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study

Canavati, Sara E.; Kelly, Gerard C.; Vo, Thuan Huu; Tran, Long Khanh; Ngo, Thang; Tran, Duong Thanh; Edgel, Kimberly A.; Martin, Nicholas J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0711

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Prevention measures such as LLINs and diagnosis and treatment kits can be made available closer to mining sites. Additionally, careful attention must be given to the design and material of LLINs and other vector control interventions, which play a significant role in user preferences and appear to drive net use [ 35 ]. In French Guiana, Malakit targets gold miners working illegally with free malaria self-diagnosis and self-treatment kits for P. falciparum [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing transmission dynamics among migrant, indigenous and mining populations in a malaria hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

Wetzler

Marchesini

Villegas

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Roraima state is the northernmost state in Brazil and the primary border-crossing point between Brazil and Venezuela. The uncontrolled surge of malaria in Venezuela, coupled with mass migration of Venezuelans to neighbouring countries and the upward trend in informal mining in the state, pose a serious threat to the broader region, especially to migrant, indigenous and mining populations, jeopardizing malaria elimination efforts. This study describes changes in the epidemiological profile of malaria in Roraima state related to time, place and populations at risk from 2016 to 2020. Methods De-identified malaria surveillance data were obtained from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System from 2016 to 2020. Pearson’s chi-square tested differences between imported and autochthonous cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for imported versus autochthonous cases by demographic characteristics. Results Odds of being an imported case were higher for Plasmodium falciparum cases (AOR = 2.08). However, as the number of cases from Venezuela decreased in 2020 following closure of the border, the proportion of P. falciparum cases increased markedly, from 6.24% in 2019 to 18.50% in 2020. Over the 5-year period, the odds of being an imported case among miners were about nine times higher than the general population (AOR = 8.99). The proportion of total malaria cases that were among indigenous people increased from 33.09% in 2016 to 54.83% in 2020. Indigenous children had a higher burden of malaria with over 40% of cases in children 0 to 9 years old, compared to 8% in non-indigenous children 0 to 9 years old. In some municipalities, place of infection differed from place of notification, with a large proportion of cases in these municipalities reporting in Boa Vista. Conclusions Malaria remains a serious threat in Roraima state, especially among high-risk populations, such as miners, migrants, and indigenous people. As malaria cases have increased among indigenous people and miners, and the proportion of P. falciparum cases has increased, elimination efforts require understanding of these risk factors to tailor interventions appropriately. Furthermore, cross-border surveillance systems need to be urgently strengthened at formal and unofficial border points, especially since the border with Venezuela reopened in July 2021.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing transmission dynamics among migrant, indigenous and mining populations in a malaria hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

Wetzler

Marchesini

Villegas

et al. 2022

Malar J

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“…In Myanmar, ITN use was limited by the hard material of ITNs, the limited choice in net size to accommodate variable family sizes and sleeping places, and the inadequate height of the net for people to sit comfortably [ 46 ]. In Vietnam, limited ITN use was linked to hard netting [ 41 ], the design of ITNs that was uncomfortable for users who slept on the floor (without a bed), and limited choices for net size for varied family and house size [ 47 , 48 ]. These studies suggest a more appropriate ITN design and features that are better adapted to climatic conditions, variable family structures and sleeping places could increase the acceptance and appropriate use in minority populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, the study findings are still relevant for Vietnam. The NMCP has continued to include ITN distribution as an important element of vector control in the elimination strategies to 2030, and recent studies in ethnic minority settings have continued to report on limited uptake of bed nets [ 41 , 47 ].…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why using bed nets is a challenge among minority populations in Central Vietnam

Nguyen

Wilson-Barthes

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Despite freely distributed insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and health information campaigns to increase their use among populations at risk, malaria transmission persists in forested areas in Vietnam, especially among ethnic minority communities. A mixed-methods study was conducted in four villages of Ca Dong and M’nong ethnicity in Central Vietnam between 2009 and 2011 to assess factors limiting the uptake of ITNs. Methods The mixed-methods research design consisted of a qualitative study to explore the context and barriers to ITN use, and a cross-sectional household survey (n = 141) to quantify factors for limited and appropriate net use. Results The Ca Dong and M’nong’s livelihood was dependent on swidden farming in the forest. Poverty-related factors, including the lack of beds, blankets, the practice of sleeping around the kitchen fire and deteriorated ITNs due to open housing structures, were reasons for alternative and non-use of ITNs. When household members stayed overnight in plot huts at fields, ITNs were even more unavailable and easily deteriorated. 72.5% of households reported having received one net for every two persons, and 82.2% of participants reported to have used ITNs the night before the survey. However, only 18.4% of participants were estimated to be effectively protected by ITNs after accounting for the availability of torn ITNs and the way ITNs were used, for example as blankets, at both village and fields. Multi-variable logistic regression showed the effect of four significant factors for appropriate ITN use: i) being female (AOR = 8.08; p = 0.009); ii) aware of mosquito bites as the sole cause of malaria (AOR = 7.43; p = 0.008); iii) not sleeping around the kitchen fire (AOR = 24.57; p = 0.001); and iv) having sufficient number of ITNs in the household (AOR = 21.69; p = 0.001). Conclusion This study showed how social factors rooted in poverty and swidden agriculture limited the effective use of ITNs, despite high coverage, among ethnic minority populations in Central Vietnam. An in-depth understanding of the local context is essential to develop specific indicators for measuring ITN use.

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“…WHO highly recommends using nets while sleeping, especially among the population in high-risk areas for malaria transmission. Apart from conventional untreated mosquito nets, there are two types of nets recommended by WHO-ITNs and LLINs [37].…”

Section: Mosquito Netsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria incidence and prevalence: An ecological analysis through Six Sigma approach

Al-Amin,

Vijaya Bhaskar,

Enab

et al. 2024

EUR J ENV PUBLIC HLT

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Malaria is the leading cause of death globally, especially in sub-Saharan African countries claiming over 400,000 deaths globally each year, underscoring the critical need for continued efforts to combat this preventable and treatable disease. The objective of this study is to provide statistical guidance on the optimal preventive and control measures against malaria. Data have been collected from reliable sources, such as World Health Organization, UNICEF, Our World in Data, and STATcompiler. Data were categorized according to the factors and sub-factors related to deaths caused by malaria. These factors and sub-factors were determined based on root cause analysis and data sources. Using JMP 16 Pro software, both linear and multiple linear regression were conducted to analyze the data. The analyses aimed to establish a linear relationship between the dependent variable (malaria deaths in the overall population) and independent variables, such as life expectancy, malaria prevalence in children, net usage, indoor residual spraying usage, literate population, and population with inadequate sanitation in each selected sample country. The statistical analysis revealed that using insecticide treated nets (ITNs) by children and individuals significantly decreased the death count, as 1,000 individuals sleeping under ITNs could reduce the death count by eight. Based on the statistical analysis, this study suggests more rigorous research on the usage of ITNs.

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Mosquito Net Ownership, Utilization, and Preferences among Mobile and Migrant Populations Sleeping in Forests and Farms in Central Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Changing transmission dynamics among migrant, indigenous and mining populations in a malaria hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

Changing transmission dynamics among migrant, indigenous and mining populations in a malaria hotspot in Northern Brazil: 2016 to 2020

Why using bed nets is a challenge among minority populations in Central Vietnam

Malaria incidence and prevalence: An ecological analysis through Six Sigma approach

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