Mosquito-borne viral diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a review

Mbanzulu, Kennedy Makola; Mboera, Leonard E. G.; Luzolo, Flory K.; Wumba, Roger; Misinzo, Gerald; Kimera, Sharadhuli I.

doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3985-7

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…There have been several reviews covering various aspects of WNV, including virus ecology and pathobiology [ 1 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], epidemiology [ 1 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], medicine and clinical pathology [ 1 , 44 , 52 , 54 ], and vaccine development [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]. This review provides a comprehensive update on WNV, focusing on virus biology and pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, public and One Health importance and control, including new approaches made towards vaccine development, as well as other modes of prevention and treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

et al. 2020

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West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and “One Health” implications of WNV infection and disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

et al. 2020

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“…The World Health Organisation (WHO), in February 2016, announced a Public Health Emergency of International Concern [12] following ZIKV transmission and a possible link to congenital disorders in the Americas and the Pacific Islands [13][14][15][16][17][18] which was later suggested as a cause to microcephaly and other congenital disorders [19][20][21]. Tanzania and Congo DR have reported high occurrence of Aedes aegypti and arboviral diseases [22,23]. Yellow fever and dengue have been investigated [24,25] in Zambia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of arthropod-borne viral infections among Lukanga swamp residents in Zambia

et al. 2020

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Introduction The re-emergence of vector borne diseases affecting millions of people in recent years has drawn attention to arboviruses globally. Here, we report on the sero-prevalence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), mayaro virus (MAYV) and zika virus (ZIKV) in a swamp community in Zambia. Methods We collected blood and saliva samples from residents of Lukanga swamps in 2016 during a mass-cholera vaccination campaign. Over 10,000 residents were vaccinated with two doses of Shanchol™ during this period. The biological samples were collected prior to vaccination (baseline) and at specified time points after vaccination. We tested a total of 214 baseline stored serum samples for IgG antibodies against NS1 of DENV and ZIKV and E2 of CHIKV and MAYV on ELISA. We defined sero-prevalence as the proportion of participants with optical density (OD) values above a defined cutoff value, determined using a finite mixture model. Results Of the 214 participants, 79 (36.9%; 95% CI 30.5-43.8) were sero-positive for Chikungunya; 23 (10.8%; 95% CI 6.9-15.7) for Zika, 36 (16.8%; 95% CI 12.1-22.5) for Dengue and 42 (19.6%; 95% CI 14.5-25.6) for Mayaro. Older participants were more likely to have Zika virus whilst those involved with fishing activities were at greater risk of contracting Chikungunya virus. Among all the antigens tested, we also found that Chikungunya saliva antibody titres correlated with baseline serum titres (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.222; p = 0.03).

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“…With a sampling interval of three houses, starting on the right side of the avenue, each of the 4 teams inspected the selected houses up to reaching 20 houses/day. When the avenue came to an end and the sampling size of 20 was not yet reached, the team turned back entering the houses on the other side of the street up to reaching the daily sample size. In each selected house, the entire house was inspected inside and outside.…”

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confidence: 99%

Important Aedes Spp. Density Levels in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Francis

Sylvie

Zola

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: Dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika are among the most important emerging infectious vector-borne diseases worldwide. Besides sporadic dengue cases, yellow fever and chikungunya outbreaks have been increasingly reported in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in the last decade. The main vectors of these arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, were reported in DRC, but there is a lack of detailed information on their presence and spread hampering transmission risk assessments in the region. METHODS: In 2018, two cross-sectional surveys were realized in Kinshasa province (DRC), one in the rainy (January/February) and one in the dry season (July). Four hundred houses were visited in each of the four selected communes (N’Djili, Mont Ngafula, Lingwala and Kalamu). Breedings sites were recorded, larvae and pupae collected and reared to obtain adults for genus and species identification. A subset of specimens was DNA-barcoded for validation of the morphological species identification. RESULTS: The most rural commune (Mont Ngafula) had the highest density levels, with a Breteau Index of 82.2 and 19.5/100 houses in rainy and dry season, respectively. The Breteau Index in the other communes Kalamu, Lingwala and N’Djili elevated to 21.5 (4.7), 36.7 (9.8) and 41.7 (7.5) in the rainy (and dry) season. The House index was on average 27.5% and 7.6%; and the Container Index 15.0% and 10.0% in rainy and dry season, respectively. The vast majority of Aedes positive containers was found outside the houses (adjusted OR 27.4 (95%CI 14.9-50.1)). The main breeding sites were used tires, water storage containers and trash. Anopheles larvae were also found in Aedes breeding sites, especially during the rainy season.CONCLUSIONS: These results show that Kinshasa is highly infested with Aedes spp. which indicates a high potential for arbovirus transmission in the area. During the dry season, the most productive containers (for Aedes pupae production) are containers used for water storage, whereas in the rainy season this is trash and tires. The present study also evidences that Aedes breeding sites are mainly located outdoors. Based on the results of this study, a contextualized Aedes control strategy can be designed for Kinshasa.

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Mosquito-borne viral diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a review

Abstract: Background: Mosquito-borne viral infections have

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and “One Health” Implications

Sero-prevalence of arthropod-borne viral infections among Lukanga swamp residents in Zambia

Important Aedes Spp. Density Levels in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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