Mosquito Blood Feeding Patterns as a Factor in the Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Southern India

Reuben, R; Thenmozhi, V.; Samuel, Philip; Gajanana, A.; Mani, T. R.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.654

Cited by 79 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…However, they changed to humans and bovids during the spring and then back to humans and birds during summer (259). In other study, the principal vectors of JEV obtained blood meals primarily from pigs, cattle, or birds (in the family Ardeidae), depending on the most abundant host in each locality in India (261). Similar opportunistic feeding behavior was also observed for Culex tarsalis, the vector of western equine encephalitis virus (341), and some sand flies as well.…”

Section: Host Selection and Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 49%

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

2005

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SUMMARY Among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. Field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. However, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all facets of biological transmission and then to interpret it in the context of the evolutionary process has not been attempted before. Such an attempt in this review clearly demonstrates tremendous progress made worldwide to characterize the viruses, to comprehend disease transmission and pathogenesis, and to understand the biology of vectors and their role in transmission. The rapid progress in molecular biologic techniques also helped resolve many virologic puzzles and yielded highly valuable data hitherto unavailable, such as characterization of virus receptors, the genetic basis of vertebrate resistance to viral infection, and phylogenetic evidence of the history of host range shifts in arboviruses. However, glaring gaps in knowledge of many critical subjects, such as the mechanism of viral persistence and the existence of vertebrate reservoirs, are still evident. Furthermore, with the accumulated data, new questions were raised, such as evolutionary directions of virus virulence and of host range. Although many fundamental questions on the evolution of this unique mode of transmission remained unresolved in the absence of a fossil record, available observations for arboviruses and the information derived from studies in other fields of the biological sciences suggested convergent evolution as a plausible process. Overall, discussion of the diverse range of theories proposed and observations made by many investigators was found to be highly valuable for sorting out the possible mechanism(s) of the emergence of arboviral diseases.

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Section: Host Selection and Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 49%

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

2005

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“…In southern India, the difference in availability of pigs and alternative hosts was the main factor in epidemiologic differences in JE transmission between study sites. 27 Host preference studies conducted in Kowanyama demonstrated that Cx. annulirostris was more attracted to cattle, compared to other mammals, including pigs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during the first recorded outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

Hurk

Johansen²,

Zborowski³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In response to an outbreak of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia, in 1998, mosquitoes were collected using CO 2 and octenol-baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps. A total of 35,235 adult mosquitoes, comprising 31 species, were processed for virus isolation. No isolates of JE virus were recovered from these mosquitoes. However, 18 isolates of Kokobera virus, another flavivirus were obtained from Culex annulirostris. Twelve isolates were from western Cape York (minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.61: 1,000 mosquitoes) and 6 were from the Northern Peninsula Area (MIR of 1.0:1,000). Potential explanations for the failure to detect JE virus in mosquitoes collected from Cape York Peninsula include the timing of collections, the presence of alternative bloodmeal hosts, differences in pig husbandry, asynchronous porcine seroconversion, and the presence of other flaviviruses.

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“…Other studies have shown that diversion of host-seeking mosquitoes can reduce the risk of disease transmission (Burkot 1988;Reuben et al 1992). In view of this concept, zooprophylaxis is considered a potential tactic to control mosquito-borne diseases (Arunachalam et al 2005;Mahande et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-feeding patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus and other culicines and implications for disease transmission in Mwea rice scheme, Kenya

et al. 2008

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Studies were conducted in Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya during the period April 2005 and January 2007 to determine the host-feeding pattern of culicine mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors and tested for human, bovine, goat, and donkey blood meals by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. A total of 1,714 blood-engorged samples comprising Culex quinquefasciatus Say (96.1%), Culex annulioris Theobald (1.8%), Culex poicilipes Theobald (0.9%), Aedes cuminsi Theobald (1.0%), Aedes taylori Edwards (0.1%), and Mansonia africana Theobald (0.1%) were tested. Except for A. taylori, in which the single blood meal tested was of bovine origin, the other species fed mostly on both bovine (range 73.3-100%) and goats (range 50-100%). Donkeys were also common hosts for all species (range 19.4-23.5%) except A. taylori and M. africana. C. quinquefasciatus was the only species containing human blood meals (0.04), and indoor collected populations of this species had significantly higher frequency of human blood meals (9.8%) compared with outdoor-collected populations (3.0%). Mixed blood feeding was dominant among culicine species comprising 50.0%, 73.3%, 73.5%, 80.6%, and 94.1% of the samples for M. africana, C. poicilipes, C. quinquefasciatus, C. annulioris, and A. cuminsi, respectively. Ten mixed blood meal combinations including a mixture of all the four hosts were observed in C. quinquefasciatus, compared to one blood meal combination for M. Africana, and two combinations for C. poicilipes, C. annulioris, and A. cuminsi. Mixed bovine and goat blood meal was the most common combination among the five culicine species followed by a mixture of donkey, bovine, and goat blood meals. We conclude that culicine species in Mwea are least likely to be vectors of lymphatic filariasis due to their high "preference" for livestock over human hosts, but they present an increased risk for arbovirus transmission particularly Rift Valley Fever virus, in which domestic animals serve as amplification hosts.

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Mosquito Blood Feeding Patterns as a Factor in the Epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis in Southern India

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

Biological Transmission of Arboviruses: Reexamination of and New Insights into Components, Mechanisms, and Unique Traits as Well as Their Evolutionary Trends

Flaviviruses isolated from mosquitoes collected during the first recorded outbreak of Japanese encephalitis virus on Cape York Peninsula, Australia.

Blood-feeding patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus and other culicines and implications for disease transmission in Mwea rice scheme, Kenya

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