Mosaic Virus Symptoms in Potato Crops and the Occurrence of Growth Cracking in Tubers

Carnegie, S. F.; McCreath, M.

doi:10.1007/s11540-010-9147-0

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…However, where a complex of viruses may be affecting a host or where there may be environmental or agronomic influences on symptom development (temperature, moisture, time from exposure, time in ground/crop growth stage, etc) trying to link detection of pathogen/s with a symptom using a conventional cause-and-effect relation is often not possible. Therefore statistical approaches have been employed to demonstrate the possible influence of single or multiple pathogens on the expression of symptoms within a sampled population [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot yellow leaf virus Is Associated with Carrot Internal Necrosis

et al. 2014

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Internal necrosis of carrot has been observed in UK carrots for at least 10 years, and has been anecdotally linked to virus infection. In the 2009 growing season some growers had up to 10% of yield with these symptoms. Traditional diagnostic methods are targeted towards specific pathogens. By using a metagenomic approach with high throughput sequencing technology, other, as yet unidentified causes of root necrosis were investigated. Additionally a statistical analysis has shown which viruses are most closely associated with disease symptoms. Carrot samples were collected from a crop exhibiting root necrosis (102 Affected: 99 Unaffected) and tested for the presence of the established carrot viruses: Carrot red leaf virus (CtRLV), Carrot mottle virus (CMoV), Carrot red leaf associated viral RNA (CtRLVaRNA) and Parsnip yellow fleck virus (PYFV). The presence of these viruses was not associated with symptomatic carrot roots either as single viruses or in combinations. A sub-sample of carrots of mixed symptom status was subjected to MiSeq sequencing. The results from these tests suggested Carrot yellow leaf virus (CYLV) was associated with symptomatic roots. Additionally a novel Torradovirus, a novel Closterovirus and two novel Betaflexiviradae related plant viruses were detected. A specific diagnostic test was designed for CYLV. Of the 102 affected carrots, 98% were positive for CYLV compared to 22% of the unaffected carrots. From these data we conclude that although we have yet to practically demonstrate a causal link, CYLV appears to be strongly associated with the presence of necrosis of carrots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrot yellow leaf virus Is Associated with Carrot Internal Necrosis

et al. 2014

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“…These pathogens have been associated with black scurf, powdery scab, silver scurf, black dot, dry rot and common scab symptoms on tubers resulting in reduced yield and quality (Tsror et al 1999;Naerstad et al 2012). Potato tuber blemishes are also caused by viruses and nematodes (Holgado et al 2009;Carnegie and McCreath, 2010;. They are of concern to the seed potato industry as they reinfect daughter tubers of plants produced from contaminated seed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of Fungi Isolated from Atypical Skin Blemishes on Potatoes in South Africa and Zimbabwe

2017

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Potato skin blemishes with known causes (typical blemishes) are manageable compared to those with unknown causes (atypical blemishes). This study investigated possible fungal causal agents of atypical tuber blemishes in South Africa and Zimbabwe through isolation and pathogenicity testing. Several fungal genera were isolated from elephant hide, corky cracks, star-shaped lesions, circular corky lesions, raised corky spots, enlarged lenticels and russetting. Koch's postulates were fulfilled for binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) AG A, Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani AG 3-PT. BNR AG A isolates from South African tubers of cv. Up-to-Date reproduced circular and linear defects on tubers. Koch's postulates could not be fulfilled with the remaining isolates, as re-isolation proved impossible. M. phaseolina isolates inoculated on South African cv. Mondial reproduced dark, circular lesions around lenticels conforming to typical symptoms of charcoal rot on potato tubers. R. solani AG 3-PT isolates reproduced corky cracks with elephant hide and black scurf with similar aggressiveness on cvs Mondial (South Africa) and Diamond (Zimbabwe). This is the first report of charcoal rot caused by M. phaseolina, and of tuber defects caused by BNR AG A on potato in South Africa. This is also the first report of tuber cracking and elephant hide caused by R. solani AG 3-PT on potato in Zimbabwe. The findings from this work are crucial in formulating control strategies against these pathogens in order to improve potato tuber quality on the market.

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“…PVY strains may also lead to the development of potato tuber necrotic ring disease in susceptible cultivars (LeRomancer & Kerlan, 1994). Additionally, infections with PVY strains, PVA and Potato virus V have been associated with an increase in growth cracking of tubers (Carnegie & McCreath, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New aphid vectors and efficiency of transmission of Potato virus A and strains of Potato virus Y in the UK

et al. 2016

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The aphid‐transmitted viruses Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato virus A (PVA) commonly affect seed potatoes in the UK. The transmission efficiency for aphid species is used to calculate a potential transmission risk and is expressed as a relative efficiency factor (REF). These REFs have not previously been calculated for UK strains of viruses or aphid clones. Using a previously published method, REFs have been calculated for the aphid species and viruses commonly occurring in UK potatoes. The efficiency of transmission of Myzus persicae is nominally set to a REF of 1 and REFs for other species are calculated relative to this. These data represent the first set of REFs calculated for PVA transmission. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (REF 0.91) was almost as efficient as M. persicae at PVA transmission. The data were further analysed to compare transmission rates of PVY and PVA using a binomial (logit) generalized mixed model to take into account the potential influence of variation in virus titre between leaves. This approach found that there is little variation between the efficiency of transmission between clones of each aphid species or between strains within a virus species. This is a first report that Aphis fabae, Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae, Acyrthosiphon pisum and Cavariella aegopodii have the ability to vector PVA. This study also represents a first report that C. aegopodii has the ability to vector PVY and confirms the potential of S. avenae, A. fabae, M. euphorbiae and Rhopalosiphum padi as important PVY vectors.

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Mosaic Virus Symptoms in Potato Crops and the Occurrence of Growth Cracking in Tubers

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Carrot yellow leaf virus Is Associated with Carrot Internal Necrosis

Carrot yellow leaf virus Is Associated with Carrot Internal Necrosis

Pathogenicity of Fungi Isolated from Atypical Skin Blemishes on Potatoes in South Africa and Zimbabwe

New aphid vectors and efficiency of transmission of Potato virus A and strains of Potato virus Y in the UK

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