MOSAiC Expedition: Airborne Surveys with Research Aircraft POLAR 5 and POLAR 6 in 2020

Herber, Andreas; Becker, Sebastian; Belter, Hans Jakob; Brauchle, Jörg; Ehrlich, André; Klingebiel, Marcus; Krumpen, Thomas; Lüpkes, Christof; Mech, Mario; Moser, Manuel; Wendisch, Manfred

doi:10.48433/bzpm_0754_2021

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…We analyzed 11 surveys along the MOSAiC drift that represent varying ice conditions from the interior of the ice pack to the ice edge. Between October 2019 and July 2020, 10 helicopter-borne surveys were conducted from the Polarstern (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fu ¨r Polar-und Meeresforschung, 2017) and in September 2020, the IceBird airplane campaign with Polar6 (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fu ¨r Polar-und Meeresforschung, 2016) surveyed the remaining parts of the Distributed Network (Herber et al, 2021). Due to logistical reasons, the airborne EM system was only operated during the polar day and when Polarstern was close by, which resulted in large data gaps from October 2019 to March 2020 and May 2020 to June 2020.…”

Section: Total Thickness and Surface Elevation From Airborne Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to seasonal Arctic sea ice thickness distributions from airborne observations

Albedyll

Hendricks

Grodofzig

et al. 2022

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Sea ice thickness is a key parameter in the polar climate and ecosystem. Thermodynamic and dynamic processes alter the sea ice thickness. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition provided a unique opportunity to study seasonal sea ice thickness changes of the same sea ice. We analyzed 11 large-scale (∼50 km) airborne electromagnetic sea thickness and surface roughness surveys from October 2019 to September 2020. Data from ice mass balance and position buoys provided additional information. We found that thermodynamic growth and decay dominated the seasonal cycle with a total mean sea ice thickness increase of 1.4 m (October 2019 to June 2020) and decay of 1.2 m (June 2020 to September 2020). Ice dynamics and deformation-related processes, such as thin ice formation in leads and subsequent ridging, broadened the ice thickness distribution and contributed 30% to the increase in mean thickness. These processes caused a 1-month delay between maximum thermodynamic sea ice thickness and maximum mean ice thickness. The airborne EM measurements bridged the scales from local floe-scale measurements to Arctic-wide satellite observations and model grid cells. The spatial differences in mean sea ice thickness between the Central Observatory (<10 km) of MOSAiC and the Distributed Network (<50 km) were negligible in fall and only 0.2 m in late winter, but the relative abundance of thin and thick ice varied. One unexpected outcome was the large dynamic thickening in a regime where divergence prevailed on average in the western Nansen Basin in spring. We suggest that the large dynamic thickening was due to the mobile, unconsolidated sea ice pack and periodic, sub-daily motion. We demonstrate that this Lagrangian sea ice thickness data set is well suited for validating the existing redistribution theory in sea ice models. Our comprehensive description of seasonal changes of the sea ice thickness distribution is valuable for interpreting MOSAiC time series across disciplines and can be used as a reference to advance sea ice thickness modeling.

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Section: Total Thickness and Surface Elevation From Airborne Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to seasonal Arctic sea ice thickness distributions from airborne observations

Albedyll

Hendricks

Grodofzig

et al. 2022

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…Observations collected during campaigns depend on the set-up and suite of instruments available: some airborne campaigns collect estimates of radar freeboard, total freeboard (ice + snow freeboard), and snow depth, while others collect observations of total freeboard and total thickness (snow + ice thickness), or other combinations [40,54,57,58].…”

Section: Sea Ice 421 Existing In Situ Measurements For Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Operational Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) Data for the Calibration and Validation of the Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission over Inland Waters, Sea Ice, and Land Ice

Da Silva,

Woolliams,

Picot

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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The Copernicus Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) Land Altimetry provides valuable surface elevation information over inland waters, sea ice, and land ice, thanks to its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter and its orbit that covers high-latitude polar regions. To ensure that these measurements are reliable and to maximise the return on investment, adequate validation of the geophysical retrieval methods, processing algorithms, and corrections must be performed using independent observations. The EU-ESA project St3TART (started July 2021) aims to generalise the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs) for the Copernicus Sentinel-3 STM. This work has gathered existing data, made new observations during field campaigns, and ensured that these observations meet the criteria of FRM standards so that they can be used to validate Sentinel-3 STM Land Altimetry products operationally. A roadmap for the operational provision of the FRM, including the definition, consolidation, and identification of the most relevant and cost-effective methods and protocols to be maintained, supported, or implemented, has been developed. The roadmap includes guidelines for SI traceability, definitions of FRM measurement procedures, processing methods, and uncertainty budget estimations.

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MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX - Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC

et al. 2022

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Two airborne field campaigns focusing on observations of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and boundary layer processes and their role with respect to Arctic amplification have been carried out in spring 2019 and late summer 2020 over the Fram Strait northwest of Svalbard. The latter campaign was closely connected to the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Comprehensive datasets of the cloudy Arctic atmosphere have been collected by operating remote sensing instruments, in-situ probes, instruments for the measurement of turbulent fluxes of energy and momentum, and dropsondes on board the AWI research aircraft Polar 5. In total, 24 flights with 111 flight hours have been performed over open ocean, the marginal sea ice zone, and sea ice. The datasets follow documented methods and quality assurance and are suited for studies on Arctic mixed-phase clouds and their transformation processes, for studies with a focus on Arctic boundary layer processes, and for satellite validation applications. All datasets are freely available via the world data center PANGAEA.

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MOSAiC Expedition: Airborne Surveys with Research Aircraft POLAR 5 and POLAR 6 in 2020

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to seasonal Arctic sea ice thickness distributions from airborne observations

Thermodynamic and dynamic contributions to seasonal Arctic sea ice thickness distributions from airborne observations

Towards Operational Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) Data for the Calibration and Validation of the Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission over Inland Waters, Sea Ice, and Land Ice

MOSAiC-ACA and AFLUX - Arctic airborne campaigns characterizing the exit area of MOSAiC

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