MoS2-based nanocomposites for cancer diagnosis and therapy

Abstract

Molybdenum is a trace dietary element necessary for the survival of humans. Some molybdenum-bearing enzymes are involved in key metabolic activities in the human body (such as xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase). Many molybdenum-based compounds have been widely used in biomedical research. Especially, MoS 2 -nanomaterials have attracted more attention in cancer diagnosis and treatment recently because of their unique physical and chemical properties. MoS 2 can adsorb various biomolecules and drug molecules via covalent or non-covalent interactions because it is easy to modify and possess a high specific surface area, improving its tumor targeting and colloidal stability, as well as accuracy and sensitivity for detecting specific biomarkers. At the same time, in the near-infrared (NIR) window, MoS 2 has excellent optical absorption and prominent photothermal conversion efficiency, which can achieve NIR-based phototherapy and NIR-responsive controlled drug-release. Significantly, the modified MoS 2 -nanocomposite can specifically respond to the tumor microenvironment, leading to drug accumulation in the tumor site increased, reducing its side effects on non-cancerous tissues, and improved therapeutic effect. In this review, we introduced the latest developments of MoS 2 -nanocomposites in cancer diagnosis and therapy, mainly focusing on biosensors, bioimaging, chemotherapy, phototherapy, microwave hyperthermia, and combination therapy. Furthermore, we also discuss the current challenges and prospects of MoS 2 -nanocomposites in cancer treatment.

Doxorubicin-Loaded Tumor-Targeting Peptide-Decorated Polypeptide Nanoparticles for Treating Primary Orthotopic Colon Cancer

“…The GSH concentration in tumor cells was about 500 times higher than that in normal tissues. The rupture of disulfide bonds of STP-mNPs/DOX led to the continuous release of loaded DOX, thus increasing the necrosis of tumor cells (Wang et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2021). As a result, under the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) and tumor-targeting effects, STP-mNPs/DOX can accumulate in tumor tissues.…”

Exosomes as Smart Nanoplatforms for Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer

“…Compared with other nanomaterials such as polymer-based nanomaterials and inorganic nanomaterials, they both have excellent pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability (10), biodistribution, and can decrease the side effects of free drugs (11,12). As a novel drug carrier, exosomes possess several unique structural and physicochemical properties, including low toxicity and immunogenicity, efficient cellular entry, intrinsic ability to cross biological barriers, increased circulatory stability, and active targeting potential (9).…”

A Novel H2O2 Generator for Tumor Chemotherapy-Enhanced CO Gas Therapy

“…The targeted development of cancer treatment technology-including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy-has enormous potential in tumor treatment, although most such technologies are yet to be used routinely in the clinic (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Among therapeutic approaches being developed, treating cancer with CO gas is both novel and practical, yet remains underexplored.…”