MoS₂‐on‐MXene Heterostructures as Highly Reversible Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructured materials, combining the collective advantages of individual building blocks and synergistic properties, have spurred great interest as a new paradigm in materials science. The family of 2D transition-metal carbides and nitrides, MXenes, has emerged as an attractive platform to construct functional materials with enhanced performance for diverse applications. Here, we synthesized 2D MoS -on-MXene heterostructures through in situ sulfidation of Mo TiC T MXene. The computational results show that MoS -on-MXene heterostructures have metallic properties. Moreover, the presence of MXene leads to enhanced Li and Li S adsorption during the intercalation and conversion reactions. These characteristics render the as-prepared MoS -on-MXene heterostructures stable Li-ion storage performance. This work paves the way to use MXene to construct 2D heterostructures for energy storage applications.

2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) as High‐Performance Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Based Batteries

“…Ti 2 CT x Exfoliated graphite-like morphology 225 mAh g −1 at C/25 70 mAh g −1 at 10 C after 200 cycles [24] V 2 CT x Exfoliated graphite-like morphology 288 mAh g −1 at 1 C 125 mAh g −1 at 10 C after 150 cycles [41] Nb 2 CT x Exfoliated graphite-like morphology 250 mAh g −1 at 1 C 110 mAh g −1 at 10 C after 150 cycles [41] Ti 3 C 2 T x Accordion-like layer structure 123 mAh g −1 at 1 C 69 mAh g −1 at 10 C after 100 cycles [63] Ti 3 C 2 T x Cold-pressed Free-standing disks 15 mAh cm −2 at C/3 5.9 mAh cm −2 at C/3 after 50 cycles [64] Nb 2 CT x Cold-pressed free-standing disks 16 mAh cm −2 at C/3 6.7 mAh cm −2 at C/3 after 50 cycles [64] Ti 3 C 2 /CNF CNF bridged layered sheets 320 mAh g −1 at 1 C 97 mAh g −1 at 100 C after 2900 cycles [67] Nb 2 CT x /CNT Composite paper 420 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C 370 mA mAh g −1 at 2.5 C after 100 cycles [68] Ti 2 C/TiO 2 TiO 2 nanocrystals on the MXene surface 389 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 280 mA mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 1000 cycles [77] Sn(IV)@Ti 3 C 2 Sn(IV) nanocomplex anchored on MXene 635 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 544 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 after 200 cycles [73] Ti 3 C 2 T x /CNT Porous sheets and CNT composite film 1250 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C 500 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C after 100 cycles [36] Nb 4 C 3 T x Exfoliated graphite-like morphology 380 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 320 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 1000 cycles [65] Nb 2 O 5 @Nb 4 C 3 T x (Voltage: 1-3 V) Nb 2 O 5 nanoparticles decorated on MXene 208 mAh g −1 at 0.25 C 133 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 after 400 cycles [76] Ti 3 C 2 T x /NiCo 2 O 4 Layer-by-layer hybrid film 1330 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C 1200 mAh g −1 at 1 C after 100 cycles [78] Ti 3 C 2 T x /Ag Ag nanoparticles distribute on MXene 310 mAh g −1 at 1 C 260 mAh g −1 at 10 C after 5000 cycles [75] SnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x SnO 2 crystallites on MXene flake 1041 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 451 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 after 50 cycles [79] SnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x SnO 2 particles on the MXene layer 354 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 347 mAh g −1 at 0.3 A g −1 after 300 cycles [86] Ti 3 CNT x Powder consisting of fluffy flakes 343 mAh g −1 at 0.05 A g −1 300 mAh g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 after 1000 cycles [87] MoS 2 @Ti 3 C 2 T x MoS 2 nanoparticles grown on the MXene 843 mAh g −1 at 0.05 A g −1 132 mAh g −1 at 1 A g −1 after 200 cycles [83] MoS 2 /Ti 3 C 2 T x -MXene@C MoS 2 nanoplates on MXene@C 1210 mAh g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 551 mAh g −1 at 20 A g −1 after 3000 cycles [84] MoS 2 /Mo 2 TiC 2 T x Porous open structure 554 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 509 mAh g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 after 100 cycles [88] MoS 2 /partially ox...…”

Electrochromic Poly(chalcogenoviologen)s as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Organic Radical Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…Notably,the poly(Te-BnV) anode was able to intercalate 20 Li ions and showed higher conductivity and insolubility in the electrolyte,t hus contributing to ar eversible capacity of 502 mAh g À1 at 100 mA g À1 when the Coulombic efficiency approached 100 %. [12] As ap romising emerging technology for energy storage, [13] ORBs have shown several advantages as compared to previously reported inorganic [14] and polymeric materials, [15] such as no need for rare metals,r eady tunability of redox properties,g reater safety,a nd design flexibility at the molecular level, but the development of such batteries has still been limited. [5] Owing to their synthetic versatility and the ready tunability of their redox properties, [6] the development of viologen-based energy-storage devices has increased dramatically over the past decades.…”

“…[7] Theexcellent redox properties and unique radical states of viologens make them exceptional electrode candidates for an ew generation of energy-storage devices,s uch as inorganic/organic Li/Na/ Mg ion batteries, [8] aqueous organic redox flow batteries, [9] organic radical batteries, [10] lithium-oxygen batteries, [11] and others. [12] As ap romising emerging technology for energy storage, [13] ORBs have shown several advantages as compared to previously reported inorganic [14] and polymeric materials, [15] such as no need for rare metals,r eady tunability of redox properties,g reater safety,a nd design flexibility at the molecular level, but the development of such batteries has still been limited. [16] Reported ORBs suffered from poor performance,f or example,l ow cell capacity and stability, owing to fewer redox states and low specific energy.T herefore,t he development of novel viologen derivatives with multiple stable redox centers and higher specific energy could dramatically enhance the performance and expand the limits of ORBs.…”

Zn(Cu)Si2+xP3 Solid Solution Anodes for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries with Tunable Working Potentials

“…[25,26] In addition to the XRD analysis, we further performed Raman spectroscopy analysis. More specifically, the cubic ZnS crystal structure can also be confirmed by the observation of the exposed (220) and (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) crystal planes along the zone axis of [001], as indicated by d-spacings of lattice fringes in Figure 1f. The morphology of the ZnSi 2 P 3 powder was further examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM; Figure S1, Supporting Information) and low-magnitude transmission electron microscopy (TEM, Figure 1e).…”

“…To address these issues, various strategies have been developed, including nanostructure engineering, porous structure tuning, and surface modification with coatings. [13][14][15][16][17][18] For example, ternary composites Fe-Cu-Si, Sn-Ni-C, and P-Sn 4 P 3 -graphene delivered much better cyclability and higher initial Coulombic efficiency than the relevant binary composite electrodes. Considering the large specific capacity, phosphorus has been introduced into Si to develop binary compounds of SiP 2 and SiP.…”