Morus alba L.

Abstract

Morus alba L. 88 88.1 Introduction The following four items on Morus alba L. (Moraceae) appear in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia: -Sangye, Folium Mori, is the dry leaves of M. alba collected in the fall and used as an antiphlogistic. -Sangbaipi, Cortex Mori, is the dry root bark of M. alba. It could be used as an antiinflammatory and a diuretic agent. -Sangzhi, Ramulus Mori, is the dry young branches of M. alba collected in the late spring and early summer. It is used for treatment of arthritis and rheumatism. -Sangren, Fructus Mori, is the ripe aggregate fruit of M. alba, used as a tonic and sedative. 88.2 Chemical Constituents 88.2.1 Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of Morus alba 88.2.1.1 Volatile Components The essential oil from mulberry leaves could be separated into neutral (32%), acidic (26%), phenolic (28%), carbonyl (11 %), and basic (4.4%) fractions [1]. Some neutral components were identified as isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl acetate, and acetophenone [2]. In the acidic fraction, acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric, caproic, isocaproic, and lactic acids were found [2, 3]. Phenol, 0-, m-, and p-cresol, guaiacol, eugenol, and methyl salicylate were isolated and identified from the phenolic fraction [3] and benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde were detected in the carbonyl fraction [4]. 88.2.1.2 Nonvolatile Components Besides amino acids, saccharides, and vitamins, a number of compounds of different types were isolated from mulberry leaves and structurally determined. Thus, oxalic, succinic, malic, tartaric, citric, fumaric [5], and palmitic acids, and ethyl palmitate [6] were isolated from mulberry leaves. Rutin, quercetin [7], and quercetin-3-triglucoside were isolated as flavones from the mulberry leaves [8]. The sterols p-sitosterol, campesterol [9], p-sitosterolglycoside [10], p-ecdysone, and inokosterone [11] were also isolated from the mulberry leaves. Moreover, a polyprenoid alcohol moraprenol-11 [12] and a polypyranoid ketone bombiprenone [13] were also reported to be isolated and identified. Moraprenol-ll was structurally elucidated as W. Tang et al., Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin

Investigation of Chemical Profiles of Different Parts of Morus alba Using a Combination of Molecular Networking Methods with Mass Spectral Data from Two Ionization Modes of LC/MS

“…Morus alba (Moraceae, M. alba ) is cultivated worldwide. All parts of this widely grown plant, including fruits, twigs, leaves, and bark, have been used as medicines or food ingredients in East Asian countries, such as Korea, Japan, and China for different purposes [ 18 ]. The fruits of M. alba , commonly known as white mulberry, nourish the blood, treat fatigue and anemia, and are widely made into juices for refreshment.…”

“…The fruits of M. alba , commonly known as white mulberry, nourish the blood, treat fatigue and anemia, and are widely made into juices for refreshment. In addition, the bark and leaves of M. alba have a wide range of biological applications, including for use as a blood pressure depressant and as cathartic, analgesic, diuretic, antitussive, sedative, hypotensive, and edema treatment medicine [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The constituents of M. alba have been intensively studied.…”

“…The constituents of M. alba have been intensively studied. This plant is a rich source of flavonoids, saponins, and other minor components, such as tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, and organic acids, but they are differentially distributed in various parts of the plant [ 18 ].…”