“Morton’s Neuroma” — Term Etymology: A Review

Abstract

Background. The urgency of the problem is explained by a high morbidity rate and the need to verify the diagnosis with related specialists (ultrasound physicians, radiologists, trauma surgeons, pathologists), as well as by significant difficulties in patient routing and high probability of primary referral to neurologists, neurosurgeons, and general practitioners. In modern Russian literature, neuromas of all interdigital spaces are identified with Morton’s neuroma.
 Aim of the review was to determine the accuracy of modern medical terminology, in particular of the term «Morton’s neuroma», to reveal the spectrum of eponyms unacceptable for communication with related specialists and patients, to fill the historical gap and to attract the scientific medical community to discussion on this topic.
 Methods. We identified 40 articles on this topic published from 1845 to 2022. The search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE and eLIBRARY databases.
 Results. Evolution, history, and etymology of several terms used for intermetatarsal neuroma are covered in the study, based on the analysis of literature sources. It has been found that a number of eponyms used to designate neuromas are historically inaccurate. In addition, we have discovered that the reports of «nerve fibrosis» were encountered prior to the introduction of the term «neuroma». However, most authors have popularized the nominal term «Morton’s neuromas».
 Conclusions. An obvious contradiction between the etiopathogenesis of neuroma and the term itself can be confusing for clinicians and diagnosticians. In our opinion, the disease known nowadays as «Morton’s neuroma» should be named «fibrosis of the plantar nerve of the third toe», and the name terms denoting the number of the corresponding interdigital space should be replaced by the number of the corresponding common plantar digital nerve.