Mortality trends and differentials in South Africa from 1997 to 2012: second National Burden of Disease Study

Wyk, Victoria Pillay-van; Msemburi, William; Laubscher, Ria; Dorrington, Rob; Groenewald, Pam; Glass, Tracy R.; Nojilana, Beatrice; Joubert, Jané; Matzopoulos, Richard; Prinsloo, Megan; Nannan, Nadine; Gwebushe, Nomonde; Vos, Theo; Somdyala, Nontuthuzelo; Sithole, Nomfuneko; Neethling, I; Nicol, Edward; Rossouw, Anastasia; Bradshaw, Debbie

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(16)30113-9

Cited by 304 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[25] The UN estimates that 8.7% of deaths were due to HIV in 2015 is likely to be more accurate, although it remains below the figure of 19% estimated in the Second Burden of Disease study for 2012. [26] In contrast, malnutrition is only recorded as the cause of death if this is recorded as the underlying cause (and not the immediate or contributory cause) of death. Malnutrition, however, remains an important contributory cause of death as shown by data from child mortality audits which show that almost a third (30.9%) of children who die are severely malnourished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child mortality in South Africa: Fewer deaths, but better data are needed

et al. 2018

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South Africa is committed to reducing under-5 mortality rates in line with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets. Policymakers and healthcare service managers require accurate and complete data on the number and causes of child deaths to plan and monitor healthcare service delivery and health outcomes. This study aimed to review nationally representative data on under-5 mortality and the cause of deaths among children under 5 years of age. We also reviewed systems that are currently used for generating these data. Child mortality has declined substantially in the past decade. Under-5 mortality in 2015 is estimated at 37 -40 deaths per 1 000 live births, with an estimated infant mortality rate of 27 -33 deaths per 1 000 live births. Approximately one-third of under-5 deaths occur during the newborn period, while diarrhoea, pneumonia and HIV infection remain the most important causes of death outside of the newborn period. The proportion of deaths owing to non-natural causes, congenital disorders and non-communicable diseases has increased.However, many discrepancies in data collected through different systems are noted, especially at the sub-national level. There is a need to improve the completeness and accuracy of existing data systems and to strengthen reconciliation and triangulation of data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child mortality in South Africa: Fewer deaths, but better data are needed

et al. 2018

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“…It does however share characteristics with other communities in rural South Africa which are undergoing epidemiological transition, including prevailing high mortality from HIV/AIDS and emerging increasing mortality from non-communicable diseases [21,43] and risk factors for obesity in this study may well be similar in these populations.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, clinical and behavioural predictors of body mass index vary by sex in rural South African adults-findings from the AWI-Gen study

Wagner

Crowther

Gómez‐Olivé

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Despite increasing obesity in South African adults, data on the prevalence and determinants of body mass index (BMI) from rural communities, home to a significant proportion of the population, are scarce. Objectives: To investigate overall and sex-specific determinants of BMI in a rural adult South African population undergoing rapid social and epidemiological transitions. Methods: Baseline cross-sectional demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical and behavioural data were collected between 2015 and 2016 from 1388 individuals aged 40–60 years and resident in the Agincourt sub-district of Mpumalanga province, a setting typical of rural northeast South Africa. A Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) underpins the sub-district and contributes to the Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Studies (AWI-Gen). Linear regression was used to investigate univariate associations between log-transformed BMI and individual variables and multiple linear regression was used to investigate independent predictors of BMI overall and in sex-stratified analyses. Results: Median BMI was significantly higher in females (28.7 kg/m2[95% CI 24.2–33.2] vs 23.0 kg/m2[95% CI 20.3–26.8];p < 0.001) with male sex associated with 17% lower BMI. In sex-stratified multiple linear regression models, compared to those never married, BMI was 7% higher in currently married males and 6% in currently married females. Current smoking in men and former smoking in women were associated with reductions in BMI of 13% and 26% respectively, compared with non-smokers. Higher educational attainment in women and higher socioeconomic status in men were both associated with higher BMI, while being HIV-positive and alcohol consumption in women were associated lower BMI. Conclusions: Female sex strongly predicts higher BMI in this rural African population. While some predictors of higher BMI differ by sex, married individuals in both sexes had a higher BMI, suggesting that, in addition to developing sex-specific interventions to combat overweight and obesity, targeting married couples may result in reduction in population BMI.

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“…The Second National Burden of Disease Study [1,2] has confronted the data-quality issues associated with vital registration of cause of death [3][4][5] and derived updated estimates of the levels and causes of mortality for 1997 -2012 for 140 specific causes, 23 categories and four broad cause groups. [6] Estimates have been produced by age, sex, province and population group, providing unparalleled information about disease trends and health disparities in the country.…”

Section: Guest Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] Cardiovascular conditions including stroke, ischaemic heart disease and hypertensive heart disease constitute the leading category of non-communicable disease deaths in SA. However, different trends in cause-specific non-communicable diseases were observed; for example, tobacco-related mortality has declined, while deaths from diabetes and renal disease have increased.…”

Section: Guest Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, different trends in cause-specific non-communicable diseases were observed; for example, tobacco-related mortality has declined, while deaths from diabetes and renal disease have increased. [1,7] Furthermore, injury deaths have declined since the late 1990s, with a 52% decrease in agestandardised death rates between 1997 and 2012. [1] Interestingly, the top ten single causes of death have not changed over the 16-year period, and include causes from all four broad cause groupings, i.e.…”

Section: Guest Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%

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