Mortality Risk Reduction Associated With Smoking Cessation in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Critchley, Julia; Capewell, Simon

doi:10.1001/jama.290.1.86

Cited by 893 publications

(558 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Since cerebrovascular infarction is the key pathophysiological mechanism for vascular dementia, the risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases, which include smoking,43, 44 are also considered to be risk factors of vascular dementia. As smoking cessation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease due to decreased inflammatory markers and oxidative stress45, 46, 47 upon smoking cessation, similar mechanisms may contribute to the decreased risk of vascular dementia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study

Choi

Park

2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo determine the risk of developing dementia in relation to duration of smoking cessation by using a nationwide health claims database.MethodsThis cohort study included 46,140 men aged 60 years or older from Korean National Health Insurance System – National Health Screening Cohort, a population‐based national health screening program from 2002 to 2013. The changes in smoking habit from a questionnaire during the first (2002 and 2003) and second (2004 and 2005) health examination periods, participants were divided into continual smokers, short‐term (less than 4 years) quitters, long‐term (4 years or more) quitters, and never smokers. Participants were followed‐up for 8 years from January 1, 2006 for the development of overall dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.ResultsCompared to continual smokers, long‐term quitters and never smokers had decreased risk of overall dementia (hazard ratio, HR 0.86 95% CI, confidence interval 0.75–0.99 and HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.91, respectively). Never smokers had decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.96) compared to continual smokers. Finally, both long‐term quitters (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96) and never smokers (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.95) had decreased risk of vascular dementia compared to continual smokers.InterpretationSmoking was associated with increased risk of dementia. Smokers who quit for a prolonged period of time may benefit from reduced risk of dementia. Therefore, smokers should be encouraged to quit in order to reduce the risk of developing dementia, especially in the elderly population who are already at risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study

Choi

Park

2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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“…In a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies of patients with coronary heart disease, smoking cessation reduced total mortality by 36%. 69 The pleiotropic effects of physical activity (eg, improved lipid profiles, BP, glucose-insulin homeostasis, endothelial function, inflammatory markers, and psychological well-being) [70][71][72][73] likely account for 30% to 50% reductions in incident type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in physically active vs sedentary individuals. 72 Diet can reduce death from coronary heart disease by up to 36% and can improve many established risk factors.…”

Section: Treatment Additional Cardiovascular Evaluation and Referralmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Princeton III Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease

Nehra

Jackson

Miner

et al. 2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

407

341

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The Princeton Consensus (Expert Panel) Conference is a multispecialty collaborative tradition dedicated to optimizing sexual function and preserving cardiovascular health. The third Princeton Consensus met November 8 to 10, 2010, and had 2 primary objectives. The first objective focused on the evaluation and management of cardiovascular risk in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and no known cardiovascular disease (CVD), with particular emphasis on identification of men with ED who may require additional cardiologic work-up. The second objective focused on reevaluation and modification of previous recommendations for evaluation of cardiac risk associated with sexual activity in men with known CVD. The Panel's recommendations build on those developed during the first and second Princeton Consensus Conferences, first emphasizing the use of exercise ability and stress testing to ensure that each man's cardiovascular health is consistent with the physical demands of sexual activity before prescribing treatment for ED, and second highlighting the link between ED and CVD, which may be asymptomatic and may benefit from cardiovascular risk reduction. T he Princeton Consensus Conference is a multispecialty collaborative tradition dedicated to optimizing sexual function and preserving cardiovascular health. The first conference convened in June 1999 to develop recommendations for clinical management of sexual dysfunction in men and women with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). This conference also provided a multidisciplinary forum for evaluation of the potential cardiovascular risk posed by sexual activity in atrisk patients. The first Princeton Consensus Conference recommendations 1 included stratification of patients by level of cardiac risk associated with sexual activity based on existing CVD. Those at low risk could initiate or resume sexual activity and be treated for sexual dysfunction. For those at high risk, sexual activity was deferred until the cardiac condition was stabilized. The second Princeton Consensus Conference convened in June 2004 and expanded the recommendations of the first conference to emphasize risk factor evaluation and lifestyle management for all men with erectile dysfunction (ED). 2 The second conference recommendations also incorporated new information on the appropriate use of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in men with ED and concomitant CVD.The third Princeton Consensus Conference took place November 8 to 10, 2010, in Miami Beach, Florida. The group revisited and updated their 2005 recommendations regarding the cardiovascular risk associated with sexual activity in men with known CVD. 2 In addition, the third conference focused on the predictive value of vasculogenic ED in assigning cardiovascular risk in men of all ages, with the primary objective being development of an approach to cardiovascular risk assessment in younger men with ED and no known CVD. The role of testosterone in erectile function and cardiovascular health and the utility of testosterone replacement...

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“…Reductions in CVD morbidity and mortality have been achieved by reducing risk factor exposure with lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions, including use of aspirin 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. Aspirin has been demonstrated to prevent a first myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke among individuals at high risk12, 13 and to be cost‐effective 16, 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Primary Prevention Aspirin Use by Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Impact of US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations, 2007—2015: A Serial, Cross‐sectional Study

Hof

Duval

Walts

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundNo previous study has evaluated the impact of past US Preventive Services Task Force statements on primary prevention (PP) aspirin use in a primary care setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal changes in PP aspirin use in a primary care population, stratifying patients by their 10‐year global cardiovascular disease risk, in response to the 2009 statement.Methods and ResultsThis study estimated biannual aspirin use prevalence using electronic health record data from primary care clinics within the Fairview Health System (Minnesota) from 2007 to 2015. A total of 94 270 patient encounters had complete data to estimate a 10‐year cardiovascular disease risk score using the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association global risk estimator. Patients were stratified into low‐ (<10%), intermediate‐ (10–20%), and high‐ (≥20%) risk groups. Over the 9‐year period, PP aspirin use averaged 43%. When stratified by low, intermediate and high risk, average PP aspirin use was 41%, 63%, and 73%, respectively. Average PP aspirin use decreased after the publication of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement: from 45% to 40% in the low‐risk group; from 66% to 62% in the intermediate‐risk group; and from 76% to 73% in the high‐risk group, before and after the guideline.ConclusionsPublication of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation was not associated with an increase in aspirin use. High risk PP patients utilized aspirin at high rates. Patients at intermediate risk were less intensively treated, and patients at low risk used aspirin at relatively high rates. These data may inform future aspirin guideline dissemination.

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Mortality Risk Reduction Associated With Smoking Cessation in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 893 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study

Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study

The Princeton III Consensus Recommendations for the Management of Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease

Contemporary Primary Prevention Aspirin Use by Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Impact of US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations, 2007—2015: A Serial, Cross‐sectional Study

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