Mortality Related to Extreme Temperature for 15 Cities in Northeast Asia

Chung, Yeonseung; Lim, Youn‐Hee; Honda, Yasushi; Guo, Yang; Hashizume, Masahiro; Bell, Michelle L.; Chen, Bing‐Yu; Kim, Ho

doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000229

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Comparisons of heat-related illness patterns across multiple cities and countries in northeast Asia (Chung et al 2015) and internationally (Guo et al 2014) reported that despite spatial heterogeneity in frequency, hot temperature was strongly associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality within a short time lag of 1-3 days. Specific epidemiological reports on regional heat waves, such as in Chicago 1995 (Semenza et al 1996), France 2003 (Fouillet et al 2006), and China (Bai et al 2014), support this direct association between ambient temperature during acute heat waves and increased mortality.…”

Section: Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With climate warming, the impact of heat waves on general population morbidity and mortality risks has been extensively reported in temperate and tropical climates and in both urban and rural regions (Bai et al 2014;Berko et al 2014;Chung et al 2015;Kjellstrom and Weaver 2009;Yip et al 2008). Projections of climate change over the coming century suggest increasing incidences of heat-related mortality in both the general public and in occupational settings (Gubernot et al 2014;Jay and Kenny 2010;Kjellstrom et al 2013;Lundgren et al 2013;Xiang et al 2014).…”

Section: Future Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal stress, human performance, and physical employment standards

Cheung

Lee

Oksa

2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

107

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Many physically demanding occupations in both developed and developing economies involve exposure to extreme thermal environments that can affect work capacity and ultimately health. Thermal extremes may be present in either an outdoor or an indoor work environment, and can be due to a combination of the natural or artificial ambient environment, the rate of metabolic heat generation from physical work, processes specific to the workplace (e.g., steel manufacturing), or through the requirement for protective clothing impairing heat dissipation. Together, thermal exposure can elicit acute impairment of work capacity and also chronic effects on health, greatly contributing to worker health risk and reduced productivity. Surprisingly, in most occupations even in developed economies, there are rarely any standards regarding enforced heat or cold safety for workers. Furthermore, specific physical employment standards or accommodations for thermal stressors are rare, with workers commonly tested under near-perfect conditions. This review surveys the major occupational impact of thermal extremes and existing employment standards, proposing guidelines for improvement and areas for future research.Key words: Heat stress, cold stress, occupational physiology, testing, work.Résumé : Plusieurs emplois physiquement exigeants dans les économies développées et en émergence s'exercent dans des milieux thermiques extrêmes qui peuvent affecter la capacité de travail et, en fin de compte, la santé. Ces milieux de condition thermique extrême se retrouvent dans des environnements de travail intérieur ou extérieur et peuvent découler d'une combinaison d'un milieu ambiant naturel ou artificiel, de la production de chaleur métabolique due au travail physique, des procédés spécifiques au milieu de travail (p. ex. fabrication de l'acier) ou du port obligatoire d'un équipement de protection s'opposant à la dissipation de la chaleur. Globalement, l'exposition à la chaleur peut diminuer ponctuellement la capacité de travail et générer des effets chroniques sur la santé, augmentant ainsi le risque de maladie chez le travailleur et la diminution de la productivité. Étonnamment, dans la plupart des emplois même dans les économies développées, il y a rarement, à propos du froid et de la chaleur, des normes de sécurité ou des règlements en vigueur à l'intention des travailleurs. De plus, rares sont les normes spécifiques aux tâches physiques ou les accommodations aux agents de stress thermique et les travailleurs sont généralement évalués dans des conditions presque parfaites. Cette analyse documentaire sonde les effets principaux des agents thermiques extrêmes sur les tâches physiques, fait le bilan des normes en vigueur en matière d'emploi, suggère des lignes directrices et des pistes pour des études ultérieures. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : stress thermique, stress dû au froid, physiologie du travail, évaluation, travail.

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Section: Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Projectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stress, human performance, and physical employment standards

Cheung

Lee

Oksa

2016

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

107

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“…Research has been done in temperate countries with regard to HW effects, with similar patterns of increased risk in increasing duration and intensity [9,10,13,14,17,18]. Most studies in sub-tropical and tropical cities have observed increased risks at both sides of the temperature extremes, with less or no emphasis on HW [4,19–22]. The Philippines, a middle-income country, has not yet fully integrated heat-health action plans, which include the HW risk estimation, regardless of the fact that observed relative risks (RR) are evident in the extreme high temperature [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effects of high temperature on mortality in four cities in the Philippines using various heat wave definitions in different mortality subgroups

Seposo

Đăng

Honda

2017

Global Health Action

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Background: Sustained high temperatures, specifically heat waves (HW), increase the risk of dying, especially among risk populations, which are highly vulnerable to its additional effect. In developing countries, there are only a few studies which focused on the magnitude of the risks attributed to HWs. Objectives: This study explored the HW effects using 15 HW definitions through the combination of duration (> 2, > 4, and > 7 consecutive days) and intensity (at the ≥ 90th, ≥ 95th, ≥ 97th, ≥ 98th, and ≥ 99th temperature percentiles). Methods: Daily mortality count data from 2006–2010 were obtained from the four tropical cities of the Philippines, and were further stratified by mortality sub-groups, such as cause of death, sex, and age. The same period of daily maximum temperature and relative humidity were also collected. We used a distributed lag non-linear model to determine the risks associated with the main temperature effects, as well as the added HW effects. Results: It has been observed that the main temperature effects comprise a substantial portion of the risks compared to the HW effects, even across the mortality sub-groups. Further stratification by the sub-groups showed significant HW effects among the young and male populations. Conclusions: Results of this study can be of use to improve (1) candidate HW definition identification/selection, and (2) risk population-specific strategies, taking into consideration the risk attributions.

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“…The city-specific level of human heat tolerance among urban populations has been investigated by studies that relate elevated ambient temperature or heat to mortality records of a city (Baccini et al 2008;Ballester et al 2011;Chung et al 2015;Gasparrini et al 2015). However, this information is very local, often provided in incomparable temperature metrics and determined by varying parameters.…”

Section: Heat Burden In Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%