Mortality reduction with physical activity in patients with and without cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Aims Physical activity has been shown to reduce mortality in a dose-response fashion. Current guidelines recommend 500–1000 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min per week of regular physical activity. This study aimed to compare the impact of leisure-time physical activity on mortality in primary versus secondary cardiovascular prevention. Methods and results This study included a total of 131 558 and 310 240 subjects with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD), respectively, from a population-based cohort. Leisure-time physical activity was measured by self-report questionnaires. The study subjects were followed-up for a median of 5.9 years, and the main study outcome was all-cause mortality. There was an inverse relationship between the physical activity level and the mortality risk in both groups. The benefit in the secondary prevention group was shown to be greater than that in the primary prevention group: every 500 MET-min/week increase in physical activity resulted in a 14% and 7% risk reduction in mortality in the secondary and primary prevention groups, respectively (interaction P < 0.001). In addition, while individuals without CVD benefited the most between 1 and 500 MET-min/week of physical activity, the benefit in those with CVD continued above 500 − 1000 MET-min/week. The adjusted mortality risk of individuals with CVD who performed a high level of physical activity (≥1000 MET-min/week) was shown to be comparable to or lower than that of their counterparts without CVD. Conclusion Individuals with CVD may benefit from physical activity to a greater extent than do healthy subjects without CVD.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Exercise Maintenance Intervention in Men and Women After Cardiac Rehabilitation (ECO-PCR Trial)

“…Although there is substantial epidemiological evidence that higher levels of MVPA are associated with better medical outcome and quality of life in patients with CHD, 24 there is considerably less evidence about interventions that can help patients maintain activity levels following completion of CR 7 . In the present trial, a 50-week, home and community-based, remotely-delivered EFI was shown to beneficially impact MVPA in women who adhered to the intervention sessions (almost 3/4s of the J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f women) compared to UC; the intervention was ineffective in men, who were already quite active.…”

<p>Simultaneous Employment of the FRAIL Scale and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator May Identify Elderly People Who Require Different Interventional Strategies</p>

“…[14][15][16][17] Moreover, physical activity improves prognosis in a dose-response fashion, and individuals at higher risk may benefit from physical activity to a greater extent than those at a lower risk. 18 Hearing and vision problems may be treated with appropriate glasses and hearing devicesthis is critical because such sensory deficits predispose to frailty development. [19][20][21] Feeling down, nervousness and anxiety, as well as missing other people were the most dominant psychological and social problems among this study subgroup.…”

Association between sleep duration and mortality risk among adults with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

“…In addition, an earlier study found that there are weaker relative educational disparities in mortality among adults with vs those without diabetes [ 10 ]. The benefit from physical activity in individuals with CVD was shown to be greater than that in healthy individuals without CVD [ 11 ]. Mounting epidemiological evidence suggests that sleep duration is related to increased risks of CVD events and higher mortality risk in the general population [ 12 – 16 ].…”