Mortality Rates during Cholera Epidemic, Haiti, 2010–2011

Luquero, Francisco J.; Rondy, Marc; Boncy, Jacques; Munger, André; Mekaoui, H.; Rymshaw, Ellen; Page, Anne Laure; Touré, Brahima; Degail, Marie Amelie; Nicolas, Sarala; Grandesso, Francesco; Ginsbourger, Maud; Polonsky, Jonathan; Alberti, Kathryn P.; Terzian, Mego; Olson, David M.; Porten, Klaudia; Ciglenečki, Iza

doi:10.3201/eid2203.141970

Cited by 71 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Deaths that occurred in other treatment locations or in the community were not reported. Underreporting of deaths during cholera epidemics, a phenomenon not unique to Tanzania ( 5 , 7 , 8 ), poses a threat to global health security.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cholera Mortality during Urban Epidemic, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, August 16, 2015–January 16, 20161

McCrickard¹,

Massay²,

Narra³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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In 2015, a cholera epidemic occurred in Tanzania; most cases and deaths occurred in Dar es Salaam early in the outbreak. We evaluated cholera mortality through passive surveillance, burial permits, and interviews conducted with decedents’ caretakers. Active case finding identified 101 suspected cholera deaths. Routine surveillance had captured only 48 (48%) of all cholera deaths, and burial permit assessments captured the remainder. We interviewed caregivers of 56 decedents to assess cholera management behaviors. Of 51 decedents receiving home care, 5 (10%) used oral rehydration solution after becoming ill. Caregivers reported that 51 (93%) of 55 decedents with known time of death sought care before death; 16 (29%) of 55 delayed seeking care for >6 h. Of the 33 (59%) community decedents, 20 (61%) were said to have been discharged from a health facility before death. Appropriate and early management of cholera cases can reduce the number of cholera deaths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At that time, 6 of 8 countries bordering Tanzania were experiencing cholera outbreaks ( 5 ). Cholera outbreaks can spread rapidly, crossing national borders, and are a major global health security problem.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera Mortality during Urban Epidemic, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, August 16, 2015–January 16, 20161

McCrickard¹,

Massay²,

Narra³

et al. 2017

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…For many, the key factor that sets homeland Haitians and the Haitian d y aspora apart from other Latin American and Caribbean counterparts is their inability to coordinate and collaborate. Obvious obstacles included political unrest (which, for example, set the presidential election back several months in 2010 and 2015‐16), social unrest, and the cholera outbreak, which began in 2010 and has claimed more than 9,200 lives and counting (Désir, ; Gladstone, ; Luquero et al., ).…”

Section: Findings and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust and Hometown Associations in Haitian Post‐Earthquake Reconstruction

Joseph

Irazábal

Désir

2017

International Migration

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The 7.0 magnitude earthquake on January 12, 2010 in Haiti reawakened in the diaspora a strong sense of purpose to focus efforts beyond family remittances towards regional and national development. Yet Haitian hometown associations (HHTAs) in the US struggled to establish a strong, organizational structure to respond systematically and effectively to the country's increased post-earthquake needs. Based on historical analysis, participatory observations, interviews, and comparisons with other diaspora groups' models for homeland development, we explore how trust within the transnational Haitian nation has been impacted in the post-earthquake era by cultural conditionings of the past which constrain the scalability, durability, and viability of HHTAs' developmental potential to systematically intervene in a coordinated manner regionally and nationally. We examine the ways in which trust -and resistances to it -operates as a mediating lens remobilized by the earthquake for the interpretation of the Haitian past, present, and future.

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“…Recent figures indicate that it has abated, but is far from eradicated: there were over 1,856 new suspected cases and 28 new deaths in January 2017 alone 1. Several studies have found that the actual toll could be higher than official MSPP numbers suggest,3 , 4 , 5 and there was an upsurge in cases caused by Hurricane Matthew’s damages to the county’s water and sanitation infrastructure in Southern Haiti in October 2016 6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The United Nations Material Assistance to Survivors of Cholera in Haiti: Consulting Survivors and Rebuilding Trust

2017

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Introduction: In August 2016, the United Nations (U.N.) Secretary General acknowledged the U.N.'s role in the cholera epidemic that has beset Haiti since 2010. Two months later, the Secretary General issued a historic apology to the Haitian people before the U.N. General Assembly, for the organization's insufficient response to the cholera outbreak. These steps are part of the U.N.'s "new approach" to cholera in Haiti, which also includes launching a material assistance package for those most affected by cholera.Methods: This paper draws on the authors' experience and findings from consultations with more than 60,000 victims and communities affected by disasters and violence in a dozen countries. We reviewed the literature on best practices for consultation with and outreach to communities affected by development and transitional justice programming, and reviewed our own findings from previous studies with a view to identifying recommendations for ensuring that the assistance package reflects the views of people affected by cholera.Results: The assistance package program is an opportunity to rebuild the relationship between the victims and the United Nations. This can only be achieved if victims are informed and engaged in the process. This consultation effort is also an opportunity to answer a set of key questions related to the nature, structure, and implementation of the victims' assistance program, but also how the program may be designed to contribute to rebuilding Haitians' confidence in the U.N. as an institution that promotes peace, human rights, and development.Discussion: We recommend that the consultations must be accompanied by an outreach effort that provides clear, accurate information on the assistance program, so that it begins to establish a dialogue between the U.N. and cholera victims. Finally, we conclude by offering a number of concrete next steps that the U.N. can take to kick start the consultation process. Funding StatementThe authors received no specific funding for this article. IntroductionIn October 2010, ten months after an earthquake killed over 200,000 people and displaced another one million, the first cholera outbreak in Haiti in at least a century was officially announced. By January 2017, approximately 805,000 cholera cases had been recorded by the Haitian Ministry of Public Health and Population (MSPP), 9,483 of whom had died. 1 The epidemic had its most profound impact during the first year, with an estimated 490,000 cases and nearly 7,000 deaths. 2 Recent figures indicate that it has abated, but is far from eradicated: there were over 1,856 new suspected cases and 28 new deaths in January 2017 alone. 1 Several studies have found that the actual toll could be higher than official MSPP numbers suggest, 3 , 4 , 5 and there was an upsurge in cases caused by Hurricane Matthew's damages to the county's water and sanitation infrastructure in Southern Haiti in October 2016. 6Studies have also found that unsafe sanitation arrangements at the United Nations Stabilization Missi...

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Mortality Rates during Cholera Epidemic, Haiti, 2010–2011

Abstract: Actual rates were higher than rates calculated from healthcare facility reports.

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

Cholera Mortality during Urban Epidemic, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, August 16, 2015–January 16, 20161

Cholera Mortality during Urban Epidemic, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, August 16, 2015–January 16, 20161

Trust and Hometown Associations in Haitian Post‐Earthquake Reconstruction

The United Nations Material Assistance to Survivors of Cholera in Haiti: Consulting Survivors and Rebuilding Trust

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