Mortality of under-fives in a rural area of holoendemic malaria transmission

Salum, F.M.; Wilkes, T. J.; Kivumbi, K.; Curtis, C. F.

doi:10.1016/0001-706x(94)90119-8

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In the early 1990s, infant mortality for 5 villages in northeast Tanzania was 133 per 1,000 live births (95% CI, 98-168). 29 One of the few published infant mortality estimates to approach the rate of Asembo Bay comes from data collected in Mangochi District in Malawi in the late 1980s, where infant mortality was 157 per 1,000 live births, a rate more consistent with the national rate in Malawi. 24 The high rate of maternal mortality in the ABCP (10 per 1,000 person-years) was comparable to other estimates in east Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: the Asembo Bay Cohort Project

McElroy¹,

Kuile²,

Hightower³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Although all-cause mortality has been used as an indicator of the health status of childhood populations, such data are sparse for most rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly community-based estimates of infant mortality rates. The longitudinal follow-up of more than 1,500 children enrolled at birth into the Asembo Bay Cohort Project (ABCP) in western Kenya between 1992 and 1996 has provided a fixed birth cohort for estimating all-cause mortality over the first 5 yr of life. We surveyed mothers and guardians of cohort children in early 1999 to determine survival status. A total of 1,260 households were surveyed to determine the survival status of 1,556 live births (99.2% of original cohort, n ϭ 1,570). Most mothers (66%) still resided but 27.5% had migrated, and 5.5% had died. In early 1999, the overall cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality for the entire 1992-1996 birth cohort was 26.5% (95% confidence interval, 24.1-28.9%). Neonatal and infant mortality were 32 and 176 per 1,000 live births, respectively. These community-based estimates of mortality in the ABCP area are substantially higher than for Kenya overall (nationally, infant mortality is 75 per 1,000 live births). The results provide a baseline description of all-cause mortality among children in an area with intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission and will be useful in future efforts to monitor changes in death rates attributable to control programs for specific diseases (e.g., malaria and HIV/ AIDS) in Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: the Asembo Bay Cohort Project

McElroy¹,

Kuile²,

Hightower³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…LBW is the strongest risk factor for mortality during infancy (10). Reducing the incidence of LBW deliveries should reduce infant mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, which has ranged between 133 and 176 deaths per 1,000 live births during recent studies in areas of high transmission (3,11,14).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibodies That Inhibit Plasmodium falciparum Adhesion to Chondroitin Sulfate A Are Associated with Increased Birth Weight and the Gestational Age of Newborns

2003

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Antibodies that inhibit Plasmodium falciparum adhesion to the placental receptor chondroitin sulfate A are associated with a reduced risk of placental malaria, but whether these antibodies lead to improved pregnancy outcomes is unknown. We measured antiadhesion antibody levels in parturient women in western Kenya, where malaria transmission is intense. Secundigravid women with antiadhesion activity in their plasma delivered babies that were on average 398 g heavier (P ‫؍‬ 0.019) and 2 weeks more mature (P ‫؍‬ 0.002) than babies delivered to secundigravidas without antiadhesion activity. Our findings support the development of antiadhesion vaccines to prevent poor fetal outcomes due to pregnancy malaria.

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“…One major finding in the current study is the confirmation of malaria as the major cause of death in Muleba district. Malaria proportional mortality in the study district was even much higher than have been reported in high transmission areas in Tanzania (Premji et al, 1997;Salum et al 1994). The high malaria-associated mortality is substantiated by healthcare facility-based data that indicate that 64.2% of deaths in <5 years is due to malaria (Kagera Region Report, 2005, unpubl).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Despite its low sensitivity and specificity, verbal autopsy, has been used to determine malariaspecific cause of death for community-based studies in many endemic areas (Snow et al, 1992;Salum et al, 1994;Premji et al, 1997;Kamugisha et al, 2007). However, such studies in Tanzania have mostly focused on childhood malaria in area of intense transmission (Salum et al,1994;Premji et al, 1997) and only few have included malaria low transmission areas (Kamugisha et al, 2007). In areas of unstable and low malaria transmission, all age groups of the population are at increased risk of severe malaria and death (Snow et al, 1997;) than in endemic areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of malaria related mortality based on verbal autopsy in Muleba District, north-western Tanzania

Kaatano

Mashauri²,

Kinung'hi³

et al. 2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Reliable malaria related mortality data is important for planning appropriate interventions. However, there is scarce information on the pattern of malaria related mortality in epidemic prone districts of Tanzania. This study was carried out to determine malaria related mortality and establish its trend change over time in both epidemic and non-epidemic areas of Muleba District of north-western Tanzania. A verbal autopsy survey was conducted to obtain data on all deaths of individuals who died in six randomly selected villages from 1997 to 2006. Relatives of the deceased were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. Communicable diseases accounted for about two thirds (61.9%) of deaths among ≥5 years individuals and 84.8% in ≤5 years. Non-communicable diseases accounted for 28.9% and 14.1% deaths in ≥5 years and ≤5 years, respectively. Malaria was the leading cause of deaths in all age groups (40.3%) and among children <5 years (73.8%). Infants accounted for about two third (64.5%) of all malaria related deaths in children <5 years. Peak of malaria proportional mortality was highest during malaria epidemics. Most of the malaria-related deaths in this group were among 1-12 months (64.5%) followed by 13-24 months (20.9%), and 25-59months (14.8%). Cerebral malaria accounted for 18.9% (N=32) of death related to malaria in all age groups; 12.1% (17/141) were in under-five, 42.9% (6/14) were in 5-14 years and 64.3% (9/14) in 15-70 years old. More than half of malaria related deaths (61.0%) in <5 years children were associated with severe anaemia followed by diarrhoeal disease (24.1%), cerebral malaria (12.5%) and respiratory infection (8.5%) as common conditions. The majority of the deceased caretakers first sought treatment at health facilities within 24hr of the onset of illness. Significantly a higher proportion of caretakers of the underfives in the epidemic area sought treatment within 24hr than in non-epidemic area (39.3% vs. 18.5%; P=0.0385). In conclusion, malaria accounts for majority of deaths in Muleba district, with substantial proportion being attributed to malaria epidemics. _______________________________________________________________________________________

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Mortality of under-fives in a rural area of holoendemic malaria transmission

Cited by 28 publications

References 5 publications

All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: the Asembo Bay Cohort Project

All-cause mortality among young children in western Kenya. VI: the Asembo Bay Cohort Project

Antibodies That Inhibit Plasmodium falciparum Adhesion to Chondroitin Sulfate A Are Associated with Increased Birth Weight and the Gestational Age of Newborns

Patterns of malaria related mortality based on verbal autopsy in Muleba District, north-western Tanzania

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