Mortality of the Rice Weevil, the Indian-Meal Moth, and Trogoderma glabrum Exposed to Mixtures of Atmospheric Gases at Various Temperatures123

The Feasibility of Using Modified Atmospheres to Control Insect Pests in Museums

“…Marzke et al 7 found that, as O», concentrations decreased from 21.0% to 0.6%, the mortality of adults and larvae of Irogoderma glcibrum (Herbst) increased. Mortality also increased with increasing temperature.…”

Effect of High-Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres on Infestations of Apple Maggot (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Apples

“…Investigators working with arthropod pests in several taxonomic groups (Harein and Press 1968, Marzke et al 1970, Lidster et al 1981, Soderstrom et al 1986, Whiting et al 1991, Whiting and van den Heuvel 1995, Shellie et al 1997, Yahia and OrtegaZaleta 2000 have noted either signiÞcantly increased mortality effects of high-CO 2 atmospheres when the O 2 concentration is lowered from 2Ð5% to 1%, or a more signiÞcant effect of the low-O 2 than the high-CO 2 atmosphere component. Inasmuch as the variation in our O 2 concentrations was greater than an optimal Ϯ10%, the otherwise relatively small O 2 differences in the treatment atmoshperes could have had a relatively large impact on insect response.…”

“…Similar Þndings have been reported in tests with mites (Lidster et al 1981, Whiting andvan den Heuvel 1995), San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Gaunce et al 1982), thrips (Potter et al 1994, Mitcham et al 1997, and tortricid apple pests including codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Soderstrom et al 1990) and light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Whiting et al 1991). A direct relationship has been reported in several studies between arthropod pest mortality and the temperature at which the high-CO 2 treatment is administered (Harein and Press 1968;Marzke et al 1970;Morgan and Gaunce 1975;Soderstrom et al 1986Soderstrom et al , 1990Whiting et al 1991Whiting et al , 1999Whiting and van den Heuvel 1995;Yahia and Ortega-Zaleta 2000). Other studies have focused more on treatments of elevated temperature and low O 2 without high CO 2 levels [e.g., LayYee et al 1997 for E. postvittana and the mirid, Nysius huttoni (White)] or without noting an effect of elevating the CO 2 [Shellie et al 1997, on Mexican fruit ßy, A. ludens (Loew)].…”