Mortality of Lead Workers

Cooper, W. C.; Gaffey, William R.

doi:10.1097/00043764-197502000-00012

Cited by 125 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Excess mortality from renal disease has been observed in four epidemiologic studies of lead workers (38)(39)(40)(41). In each of these investigations, a 2-to 3-fold increase has been noted in deaths from chronic nephritis.…”

Section: Renal Ibxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Landrigan

1990

Environ Health Perspect

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Occupational exposure to lead is widespread in the United States. Clinically evident lead poisoning as well as subclinical toxicity occur in populations with occupational lead exposure. The focus of current research on lead toxicity in industrial populations is in the definition of dose-response relationships, particularly at low levels of exposure. Major interest surrounds the development of biochemical and physiologic markers of subclinical toxicity. Need exists to better delineate the toxicity of lead on the peripheral and central nervous system, the kidneys, the cardiovascular system, and the reproductive organs using newly developed markers 'lb obtain more accurate information on cumulative individual exposure to lead, future research on lead toxicity will increasingly use X-ray fluorescence analysis for determination of the lead content in bone.

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Section: Renal Ibxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Landrigan

1990

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Excess mortality from renal disease has been observed in four epidemiologic studies of lead workers (29)(30)(31)(32). In each ofthese investigations, a 2-to 3-fold increase has been noted in deaths from chronic nephritis.…”

Section: Renal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Strategies for epidemiologic studies of lead in bone in occupationally exposed populations.

Landrigan

1991

Environ Health Perspect

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Lead exposure is widespread among industrial populations in the United States. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the lead content of bone offers a promising approach to acquisition of individualized data on chronic lead absorption in occupationally exposed populations. Dosimetric data obtained by XRF will permit accurate definition of dose-response relationships for such chronic consequences of lead exposure as central and peripheral neurologic impairment, renal disease, hypertension, and possibly reproductive dysfunction. Additionally, data on bone lead content obtained by XRF will permit validation of models describing the body lead burden and will allow direct assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic chelation. XRF data may also permit assessment of the possible role of genetic polymorphism of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic dehydrase as a determinant of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of lead. In both cross-sectional and prospective epidemiologic studies of body lead burden in occupationally exposed populations, the K-XRF instrument appears to be the technology of choice.

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“…Expected numbers of deaths were calculated by applying US male age-specific and cause-specific death rates to the number of person-years observed for each 5-year age groupe The ratio of observed to expected deaths expected), and a statistically nonsignificant excess of deaths due to cancer of the digestive organs and the respiratory system (The Working Group recalculated the data using Poisson's method and found no statistical significance in any group (Table 8) J. Observed numbers of aFrom Cooper & Gaffey, 1975 malignant neoplasms were higher than expected, although not significantly so, in the smelter workers, who had higher mean urinary and blood lead levels than battery plant workers (173.2 versus 129.7 Jlg/I in urine; 79.7 versus 62.7 Jlg/I in blood); however, 60% of them had less than 20 years since first employment, a period which may be tao short adequately to reflect cancer risk. On the other hand, 64% of the battery workers had more than 20 years since start of employment, and their observed rates were very close to those expected.…”

Section: (4 Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was noted that smelter workers were exposed to factors in the working environ ment other than those to which battery workers were exposed (Cooper & Gaffey, 1975).…”

Section: (4 Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans

Hamilton¹

1979

Science of The Total Environment

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Mortality of Lead Workers

Cited by 125 publications

References 0 publications

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Current issues in the epidemiology and toxicology of occupational exposure to lead.

Strategies for epidemiologic studies of lead in bone in occupationally exposed populations.

Evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans

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