Mortality of inhabitants in an area polluted by cadmium: 15 year follow up.

Abstract

Objective-To assess the influence of environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) on long term outcome of inhabitants living in an area polluted by Cd. Methods-A follow up study for 15 years (from 1974-5 to 1991) was carried out on 2408 inhabitants (amounting to 95% of the target population, 1079 men and 1329 women) of the Kakehashi River basin in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. These inhabitants had been the subjects of the health impact survey in 1974-5 to evaluate (by measurement of urinary retinol binding protein (RBP)) renal dysfunction induced by Cd. Analysis of mortality was performed by dividing subjects into a urinary RBP positive ( > 4 mg/1) group and RBP negative (<4 mg/l) group. Results-After adjustment for age with Cox's proportional hazard model, RBP > 4 mg/l showed a significant relation to mortality in both sexes. At this time, the mortality risk ratio of the RBP positive to negative group was 1-71 in the men and 1*42 in the women. When the SMRs according to causes of deaths in the RBP positive group were compared with those of the RBP negative group or the overall Japanese population increases of SMR for cardiovascular diseases, especially heart failure, and renal diseases were found in both sexes. Conclusion-These results suggest that the prognosis of the exposed inhabitants with renal tubular dysfunction is unfavourable, and these increases of mortality are due to heart failure and renal diseases. (Occup Environ Med 1995;52:181-184)

Effects of age, gender, BMI, settlement and smoking on lead and cadmium accumulation in heart tissue

“…It has been reported that cadmium exerts its adverse cardiovascular effects by promoting atherosclerosis as well as disadvantageous functional and metabolic changes in the heart [6]. In particular, high susceptibility of the heart to cadmium was reported in a human 15 year follow-up study in line with the fact that the heart is a relatively sensitive organ due to its low anti-oxidant capacity [7]. Similarly, animal studies also shows cadmium cause some changes in cardiovascular functions [8][9][10].…”

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals for Egyptian Population via Consumption of Poultry Edibles

“…Skeletal damage, first reported from Japan in the 1950s, called the itai-itai (a combination of osteomalacia and osteoporosis) which may occur in relatively low cadmium exposure, evidenced by low bone mineral density (osteoporosis) and fractures (Staessen et al, 1999;Alfven et al, 2000;Nordberg et al, 2002). Animal experiments have suggested that cadmium may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( Jarup et al, 1998;Nishijo et al, 1995). The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified Cd as a human carcinogen (group I), for prostate and kidney cancer, on the basis of sufficient evidence in both humans and experimental animals (IARC, 1993).…”

Involvement of galectin-3 in cadmium-induced cardiac toxicity

“…Cadmium accumulates in the body because of slow excretion. Cd causes toxicity in different organs, heart is one of the most effected tissues and oxidative damage usually occurs after Cd toxicity (1)(2)(3)(4). Many mechanisms are defined to explain pathophysiology of the Cd toxicity; inflammation is one of them (5).…”