Mortality of fire fighters in Western Australia.

Eliopulos, E; Armstrong, Bruce K.; Spickett, J T; Heyworth, F

doi:10.1136/oem.41.2.183

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The mortality in nonmalignant respiratory diseases was low, which is in accordance with some other studies [Mastromatteo, 1959;Musk et al, 1978;Eliopulos et al, 1984;Vena and Fiedler, 1987;Beaumont et al, 19911. This is somewhat surprising since several clinical studies have shown an increased frequency of chronic airway diseases among fire fighters [Unger et al, 1980;Sparrow et al, 1982;Bergstrom et al, 19881, but the observed lung function impairment in those studies has often been moderate with unknown clinical relevance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is probably an effect of the strict pre-employment selection for the often extreme physical and psychological demands of fire fighting. Similar results have been observed in several other investigations [Musk et al, 1978;Eliopulos et al, 1984;Heyer et al, 1990;Vena and Fiedler, 1987;Beaumont et al, 19911. The strict selection criteria for the psychological demands might also explain the low incidence of suicide observed both in this and other investigations [Musk et al, 1978;Vena and Fiedler, 1987;., 19901.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Increased incidence of ischemic heart disease among fire fighters has been reported earlier [Barnard et a]., 1975, 19761, and an investigation from Toronto showed increased mortality in ischemic heart diseases, especially in the age group 45-54 years; in this Stockholm cohort, we found no such deaths under the age of 50 years. Several other investigations have, similar to this, not found an increased mortality from ischemic heart diseases [Musk et al, 1978;Eliopulos et al, 1984;., 19901.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Mortality and cancer incidence in stockholm fire fighters

Tornling¹,

Gustavsson²,

Hogstedt

1994

American J Industrial Med

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Fire fighters are exposed to irritating, asphyxiating, and toxic gases and aerosols, to psychological stress, and to physically demanding work. Due to differences in fire fighting techniques, exposure conditions for fire fighters differ among different countries. The purpose of this investigation was to study cancer incidence and mortality in fire fighters who have been working with fire fighting methods used in Sweden from the beginning of this century onwards. All male fire fighters employed for at least 1 year in the City of Stockholm during 1931-1983 were traced, and an index of the number of fires fought was calculated for each individual. The mortality during 1951-1986 (among 1, 116 fire fighters) was lower than expected (SMR = 82; 95% confidence interval 72-91) compared with local mortality rates, with a low mortality in circulatory diseases, obstructive lung diseases, violent deaths, and suicides. The cancer incidence in 1958-1986 was equal to the expected (SMR = 100; 95% confidence interval 83-119). However, an excess of stomach cancer (18 observed vs. 9.37 expected; SMR = 192, 95% CI 114-304) was observed. There was also a tendency for higher incidence and mortality in stomach and brain cancer with increasing number of fires. There were four deaths from brain cancer compared to 0.8 expected (SMR = 496; 95% CI 135-1270) in the highest exposure category. Fire fighters are, however, not systematically exposed to known stomach or brain carcinogens, and the results need confirmation in further studies with extensive exposure evaluations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Mortality and cancer incidence in stockholm fire fighters

Tornling¹,

Gustavsson²,

Hogstedt

1994

American J Industrial Med

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“…We excluded 1,580 records by screening titles and abstracts (agreement = 85%) and another 58 (agreement = 95%) when looking at the full‐texts. Two studies only reported PMR risk estimate, resulting in 50 studies included in the qualitative synthesis and 48 studies in the quantitative (Tables S3 and S4, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence and mortality among firefighters

Jalilian

Ziaei

Weiderpass

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Cancer

129

133

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Firefighters are exposed to both known and suspected carcinogens. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the association of firefighting occupation and cancer incidence and mortality, overall and for specific cancer sites. A systematic review using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed up to January 1, 2018. We extracted risk estimates of cancers and calculated summary incidence risk estimates (SIRE), summary mortality risk estimates (SMRE), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Publication bias and risk of bias in individual studies were assessed using Begg's and Egger's tests and the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale (NOS), respectively. We included 50 papers in the review and 48 in the meta‐analysis. We found significantly elevated SIREs for cancer of the colon (1.14; CI 1.06 to 1.21), rectum (1.09; CI 1.00 to 1.20), prostate (1.15; CI 1.05 to 1.27), testis (1.34; CI 1.08 to 1.68), bladder (1.12; CI 1.04 to 1.21), thyroid (1.22; CI 1.01 to 1.48), pleura (1.60; CI 1.09 to 2.34), and for malignant melanoma (1.21; CI 1.02 to 1.45). We found significant SMREs of 1.36 (1.18 to 1.57) and 1.42 (1.05 to 1.90) for rectal cancer and Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, respectively. Considering the significantly elevated risk of some cancers in this occupational group, we suggest improving preventive measures and securing adequate and relevant medical attention for this group. Further studies with more accurate and in‐depth exposure assessments are indicated.

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“…An SMR for bladder cancer was not reported (Table 2). Eliopulos et al (1984) reported on the mortality of 973 fire fighters employed by Western Australian fire brigades between 1939 and 1978. Within the study period, four genitourinary cancers were observed.…”

Section: Exposure Conditions Of Fire Fightersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Fighters, Combustion Products, and Urothelial Cancer

Golka¹,

Weistenhöfer²

2008

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Urothelial cancer may be induced by different workplace chemicals, including carcinogenic aromatic amines, coke oven fumes, and cigarette smoking. The general impact of combustion products on urothelial cancer risk of exposed persons is still controversial. This raises the question whether fire fighters may have an increased risk for urothelial cancer. The present review compiles the literature on combustion products, possibly relevant for fire fighters, and the available studies on urinary bladder cancer risk in fire fighters. Chemical analyses of smoke from experimental fires as well as from fires in cities, wildlands, and industry do not indicate a generally elevated risk of bladder cancer in fire fighters. This is supported by studies on bladder cancer in fire fighters. Based on mortality studies, studies on exposures, and cancer incidence, we conclude that an elevated risk of urothelial cancer in fire fighters, in general, is not confirmed. Only in professional fire fighters more severely exposed for decades, having started their career some decades before, occupational exposure might be discussed as causative for urothelial cancer.

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Mortality of fire fighters in Western Australia.

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

Mortality and cancer incidence in stockholm fire fighters

Mortality and cancer incidence in stockholm fire fighters

Cancer incidence and mortality among firefighters

Fire Fighters, Combustion Products, and Urothelial Cancer

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