Mortality in established rheumatoid arthritis

Naz, Sophia; Symmons, Deborah

doi:10.1016/j.berh.2007.05.003

Cited by 141 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Comparing mortality in the RA cohort with mortality in an age-and sex-matched cohort based on the general Danish population, a significantly increased overall mortality rate as well as CV mortality was found, in accord with previous findings [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] . Moreover, multivariate analysis by the authors showed significant predictors of overall death were extraarticular manifestations, positive RF, increased CRP, poor nutritional state, and high serum MBL.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

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Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rationale for Mannose-binding Lectins?: Table 1.

Nakken¹,

Szodoray²

2010

J Rheumatol

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supporting

confidence: 88%

“…In addition to infections and gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), cardiovascular (CV) mortality is increased in RA. Besides CV diseases, the leading causes of death in RA are infection and malignancies, which also contribute to increased mortality 7,8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rationale for Mannose-binding Lectins?: Table 1.

Nakken¹,

Szodoray²

2010

J Rheumatol

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“…Patients with RA suffer increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, largely due to accelerated atherosclerosis. 1,2 This is not all due to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The vascular effects of chronic systemic inflammation are thought to play a significant role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the effects of dynamic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis

Cairns

McVeigh

2009

Rheumatol Int

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“…Premature atherosclerosis has been observed during the course of different systemic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In these diseases, an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis and, consequently, increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Mini-Review Series on Immunology of Vascular Disease: Accelerated atherosclerosis in vasculitis

Tervaert

2009

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryPremature atherosclerosis has been observed during the course of different systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and sytemic lupus erythematosus. Remarkably, relatively few studies have been published on the occurrence of accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with vasculitis. In giant cell arteritis (GCA), mortality because of ischaemic heart disease is not increased. In addition, intima media thickness (IMT) is lower in patients with GCA than in age-matched controls. In contrast, IMT is increased significantly in Takayasu arteritis, another form of large vessel vasculitis occurring in younger patients. In Takayasu arteritis and in Kawasaki disease, a form of medium-sized vessel vasculitis, accelerated atherosclerosis has been well documented. In small vessel vasculitis because of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies-associated vasculitis, cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality. IMT measurements reveal conflicting results. During active disease these patients experience acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. However, when inflammation is controlled, these patients have atherosclerotic development as in healthy subjects. Several risk factors, such as diabetes and hypertension, are present more often in patients with vasculitis compared with healthy controls. In addition, steroids may be pro-atherogenic. Most importantly, many patients have impaired renal function, persistent proteinuria and increased levels of C-reactive protein, well-known risk factors for acceleration of atherosclerosis. Enhanced oxidation processes, persistently activated T cells and reduced numbers of regulatory T cells are among the many pathophysiological factors that play a role during acceleration of atherogenesis. Finally, autoantibodies that may be relevant for acceleration of atherosclerosis are found frequently in elevated titres in patients with vasculitis. Because patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular events, vasculitis should be treated with as much care as possible. In addition, treatment should be considered with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor-1 blockers, statins and acetylsalicyl acid. Finally, classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease should be monitored and treated as much as possible.

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Mortality in established rheumatoid arthritis

Cited by 141 publications

References 39 publications

Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rationale for Mannose-binding Lectins?: Table 1.

Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rationale for Mannose-binding Lectins?: Table 1.

A systematic review of the effects of dynamic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis

Translational Mini-Review Series on Immunology of Vascular Disease: Accelerated atherosclerosis in vasculitis

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