Mortality in broiler chicks on feed amended withFusarium proliferatum culture material or with purified fumonisin B1 and moniliformin

Abstract

Two hundred twenty-eight male chicks (Columbia x New Hampshire) were given feed amended with autoclaved culture material (CM) of Fusarium proliferatum Containing fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and moniliformin in 3 separate feeding trials. Purified FB1 and moniliformin were given separately and in combination in a fourth feeding trial. Birds were given amended rations at day 1 (Trial 1 and 4), day 7 (Trial 2), and day 21 (Trial 3) and their respective ration was given for 28 days (Trial 1), 21 days (Trial 2), 7 days (Trial 3), and 14 days (Trial 4). FB1 concentrations were 546, 193, and 61 ppm; FB2 were 98, 38 and 14 ppm; and moniliformin were 367, 193, and 66 ppm in the first 3 feeding trial regimens. Chicks in Trial 4 were given dietary concentrations of purified FB1 at 274 and 125 ppm, and moniliformin at 154 and 27 ppm. FB1 and moniliformin, both alone and in combination, produced dose-responsive clinical signs, reduced weight gains and mortality in chicks. Age of birds given amended feeds had little difference in the clinical response; however, those given the rations from days 7 or 21 were slightly less susceptible than those given rations beginning at 1 day of age. Additive effects were noted when the toxins were given in combination. When toxins were given separately, adverse effects took longer to occur. A system to monitor pattern and rate of defecation (RD) was developed for assessing the chicks' approach to feed, water and heat source as illness progressed. Our results indicate that chicks fed corn heavily infected with F. proliferatum under field conditions could suffer acute death similar to that described for 'spiking mortality syndrome' during the first 3 weeks of age.

Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study of moniliformin in rats

“…leucocyte and red blood cell counts), food or water consumption, or organ or body weights compared to the negative controls. This result differs from previous reports of reduced feed intake and body weights of test animals such as turkeys, broiler chicks and barrows (Allen et al, 1981;Harvey et al, 2001;Javed et al, 1993). The contrasting outcome is most likely due to differences between species.…”

Presence of trichothecenes and co-occurrence in cereal-based food from Catalonia (Spain)

“…Several studies have suggested that the mycotoxins could have synergistic effect in vivo (Bacon, Porter, Norred, & Leslie, 1996;Javed et al, 1993), therefore the knowledge of the occurrence of all mycotoxins should be considered a challenge in exposure assessment studies. In our work, the co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in the same sample, was studied considering positive those samples above LOD (Table 4).…”

A Three-Phase Solvent System in High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatographic for the Separation and Purification of Bioactive Constituents from Acanthus ilicifolius

“…The standards of the two compounds prepared from the crude extract showed identical retention time in HPLC. For separation of these compounds, the three-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-acetonitrile-dichloromethane-water at a volume ratio of 5:5:1:2 was considered for preparation of the HSCCC combination columns, because it showed a high capacity to dissolve the natural products [8]. Based on this solvent system, four other stable three-phase solvent systems with further improved phase volume ratio and capacity to dissolve the sample were developed by increasing the volume ratio of water to 5 and adding ethyl acetate.…”