Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020

Michelozzi, Paola; de’Donato, Francesca; Scortichini, Matteo; Sario, Manuela De; Noccioli, Fiammetta; Rossi, Pasqualino; Davoli, Marina

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.19.2000620

Cited by 95 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…In the subgroup of the population of males 65–79 and ≥ 80 slight increases in death rates were observed from week 9 to 15, but still similar to rates in previous years. Despite this small change, it did not have an effect of overall causing excess mortality in the population, even though other studies have found that elderly men are at increased risk of death [ 7 ]. There was no marked change in death rates among those with comorbidities, which following a peak declined gradually, suggesting that no collateral damage has occurred due to lockdown, or restrictions in hospital services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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National all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Danish registry-based study

et al. 2020

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Denmark implemented early widespread social distancing to reduce pressure on the healthcare system from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with the aims to reduce mortality. Unintended consequences might be delays in treatment for other diseases and subsequent mortality. We examined national all-cause mortality comparing weeks 1–27 in 2020 and 2015–2019. This registry-based study used Danish national registry data until 5 July 2020. We examined all-cause mortality rates among all deaths recorded from 2015 to 2020 and among chronic conditions (cardiovascular (cardiac & circulatory), chronic pulmonary, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and diabetes), comparing each week in 2020 to weeks in 2015–2019. In 2020, there were 28,363 deaths in weeks 1–27 (30 December 2019–5 July 2020), the mean deaths in 2015–2019 were 28,630 deaths (standard deviation 784). Compared to previous years, the mortality rate in weeks 3–10 of 2020 was low, peaking in week 14 (17.6 per 100,000 persons in week 9, 19.9 per 100,000 in week 14). Comorbidity prevalence among deceased individuals was similar in 2020 and 2015–2019: 71.1% of all deceased had a prior cardiovascular diagnosis, 30.0% of all deceased had a prior cardiac diagnosis. There were 493 deaths with COVID-19 in weeks 11–27, (59.8% male), and 75.1% had a prior cardiovascular diagnosis. Weekly mortality rates for pre-existing chronic conditions peaked in week 14, and then declined. During the COVID-19 pandemic, due to timely lockdown measures, the mortality rate in Denmark has not increased compared to the mortality rates in the same period during 2015–2019. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10654-020-00680-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Monitoring of total mortality is recommended, as not all deaths occur in hospitals [ 6 ]. Italy reports a 45% excess total mortality, highest in the North [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Danish registry-based study

et al. 2020

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“…During the initial phase of the pandemic, the outbreak in Italy seemed to have a greater severity of the disease, with a higher case fatality rate (CFR) than previously observed in China (7.2 vs. 2.3%) [35]. The excess in COVID-19 mortality was higher in men than in women living in northern cities versus in central and southern Italy (men: +87% and +70% and women: + 17% and + 9%, respectively), with an increasing trend by age [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The total score is calculated by adding together the response values of each item, with higher scores indicating more severe levels of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The score at the DASS-depression subscale (e.g., "I felt that I had nothing to look forward to") is divided into normal (0-9), mild (10)(11)(12), moderate (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), severe (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and extremely severe depression (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). The score at the DASS-anxiety subscale (e.g., "I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself") is divided into normal (0-6), mild (7-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and extremely severe anxiety .…”

Section: Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The score at the DASS-anxiety subscale (e.g., "I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself") is divided into normal (0-6), mild (7-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and extremely severe anxiety . The score at the DASS-stress subscale (e.g., "I tended to over-react to situations") is divided into normal (0-10), mild (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18), moderate (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), severe (27-34), and extremely severe stress (35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Assessment Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

et al. 2020

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Background. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented traumatic event influencing the healthcare, economic, and social welfare systems worldwide. In order to slow the infection rates, lockdown has been implemented almost everywhere. Italy, one of the countries most severely affected, entered the "lockdown" on March 8, 2020. Methods. The COvid Mental hEalth Trial (COMET) network includes 10 Italian university sites and the National Institute of Health. The whole study has three different phases. The first phase includes an online survey conducted between March and May 2020 in the Italian population. Recruitment took place through email invitation letters, social media, mailing lists of universities, national medical associations, and associations of stakeholders (e.g., associations of users/ carers). In order to evaluate the impact of lockdown on depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, multivariate linear regression models were performed, weighted for the propensity score. Results. The final sample consisted of 20,720 participants. Among them, 12.4% of respondents (N = 2,555) reported severe or extremely severe levels of depressive symptoms, 17.6% (N = 3,627) of anxiety symptoms and 41.6% (N = 8,619) reported to feel at least moderately stressed by the situation at the DASS-21. According to the multivariate regression models, the depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms significantly worsened from the week April 9-15 to the week April 30 to May 4 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, female respondents and people with pre-existing mental health problems were at higher risk of developing severe depression and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.0001). Conclusions. Although physical isolation and lockdown represent essential public health measures for containing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, they are a serious threat for mental health and well-being of the general population. As an integral part of COVID-19 response, mental health needs should be addressed.

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The impact of COVID‐related economic shocks on household mental health in Pakistan

et al. 2022

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We combine data collected just prior to the unfolding of COVID‐19 with follow‐up data from July 2020 to document the adverse economic effects of the pandemic and resulting impact on parental and child mental well‐being in peri‐urban Pakistan. 22% of the households in our sample are affected by job loss, with monthly income down 38% on average. Our difference‐in‐difference results show that job loss is associated with a 0.88 standard deviation (SD) increase in adult mental distress scores (K10), a 0.43 SD reduction in a Hope index of children's aspirations, agency and future pathways, and a 0.40 SD increase in children's depression symptoms. In addition, we observe higher levels of parental stress and anger reported by children, as well as an increase in reported prevalence of domestic violence. Overall, we document that the pandemic has disproportionately and negatively affected the economic and mental well‐being of the most vulnerable households in our sample.

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Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020

Cited by 95 publications

References 13 publications

National all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Danish registry-based study

National all-cause mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Danish registry-based study

Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Results from the COMET collaborative network

The impact of COVID‐related economic shocks on household mental health in Pakistan

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