Mortality from Solid Cancers among Workers in Formaldehyde Industries

Hauptmann, Michael; Lubin, Jay H.; Stewart, Patricia A.; Hayes, Richard B.; Blair, Aaron

doi:10.1093/aje/kwh174

Cited by 277 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Formaldehyde from the US National Toxicology Program (1) considered 23 studies that reported on the association between exposure to formaldehyde and lung cancer risk (2,. Overall, these studies generated equivocal results, with small increases in risk observed in some studies (6, 9-13, 22-24, 27), though reaching statistical significance only in four (10,11,24,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some of the older studies used job title (often embalmers or pathologists) as a proxy for exposure (8, 14-17, 19, 21) or a more elaborate job exposure matrix (JEM) but focused on the last job held as indicated on the death certificate (27). Other methods included the use of (i) employment records (2,6,7,9,10,12,13,18,22,25,26), (ii) a JEM, (iii) industrial hygiene data (2,6,10,18,22,23,25,26), or (iv) selfreport of exposure to formaldehyde (11,20,24) or occupational history (23,28). Information on smoking, a key potential confounder, was available and accounted for in the analyses in only seven studies (6,11,20,22,24,25,28), some of which had large proportions of missing values for smoking variables.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Information on smoking, a key potential confounder, was available and accounted for in the analyses in only seven studies (6,11,20,22,24,25,28), some of which had large proportions of missing values for smoking variables. Similarly, few studies had information on exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens that may be correlated with formaldehyde exposure (2,6,11,22,28). In addition, only six studies (2,13,16,20,21,29) included women in their study population, though analyses by gender were reported in only three studies (13,16,20).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the effect of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the risk of lung cancer in two Canadian population-based case–control studies

Mahboubi

Koushik²,

Siemiatycki³

et al. 2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Assessment of the effect of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the risk of lung cancer in two Canadian population-based case–control studies

Mahboubi

Koushik²,

Siemiatycki³

et al. 2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Our chemical analysis places a large focus on carbonylcontaining compounds because they are the major oxidation products of primary VOCs, and from earlier research have been shown to have great influence on the toxicity of an aged air mass (Takigawa et al, 2009;Hauptmann et al, 2004;Zhang and Smith, 2003;WHO, 2000). In this study, selective ion analysis for carbonyl-containing compounds was performed with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine chloride (PFBHA) as described before (Ebersviller et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Species-specific Analysis Of Carbonylsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous VOCs rapidly modify particulate matter and its biological effects – Part 2: Complex urban VOCs and model PM

et al. 2012

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Abstract. This is the second study in a three-part study designed to demonstrate dynamic entanglements among gaseous organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and their subsequent potential biological effects. We study these entanglements in increasingly complex VOC and PM mixtures in urban-like conditions in a large outdoor chamber, both in the dark and in sunlight. To the traditional chemical and physical characterizations of gas and PM, we added new measurements of gas-only-and PM-onlybiological effects, using cultured human lung cells as model living receptors. These biological effects are assessed here as increases in cellular damage or expressed irritation (i.e., cellular toxic effects) from cells exposed to chamber air relative to cells exposed to clean air. Our exposure systems permit side-by-side, gas-only-and PM-only-exposures from the same air stream containing both gases and PM in equilibria, i.e., there are no extractive operations prior to cell exposure for either gases or PM.In Part 1 (Ebersviller et al., 2012a), we demonstrated the existence of PM "effect modification" (NAS, 2004) for the case of a single gas-phase toxicant and an inherently nontoxic PM (mineral oil aerosol, MOA). That is, in the presence of the single gas-phase toxicant in the dark, the initially non-toxic PM became toxic to lung cells in the PM-onlybiological exposure system. In this Part 2 study, we used sunlit-reactive systems to create a large variety of gas-phase toxicants from a complex mixture of oxides of nitrogen and 54 VOCs representative of those measured in US city air. In these mostly day-long experiments, we have designated the period in the dark just after injection (but before sunrise) as the "Fresh" condition and the period in the dark after sunset as the "Aged" condition. These two conditions were used to expose cells and to collect chemical characterization samples. We used the same inherently non-toxic PM from the Part 1 study as the target PM for "effect modification". Fortunately, in the absence of "seed particles", the complex highly-reactive VOC system used does not create any secondary aerosol in situ. All PM present in these tests were, therefore, introduced by injection of MOA to serve as PM-to-be-modified by the gaseous environment. PM addition was only done during dark periods, either before or after the daylight period. The purpose of this design is to test if a non-toxic PM becomes toxic in initially unreacted ("Fresh"), or in reacted ("Aged") complex VOC conditions. To have a complete design, we also tested the effects of clean air and the same VOC conditions, but without introducing any PM. Thus, there were six exposure treatment conditions that were evaluated with the side-by-side, gas-only-and PMonly-effects exposure systems; five separate chamber experiments were performed: two with clean air and three with the complex VOC/NO x mixture.For all of these experiments and exposures, chemical composition data and matching biological effects results for two end-points were compared. Chemic...

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“…One of the largest and most informative cohort studies is that of Hauptmann et al (2004). This study looks at the most recent mortality experience of a cohort of ~25 500 workers from 10 US plants (the NCI cohort).…”

Section: Argumentmentioning

confidence: 99%