Mortality from malignancies of the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues among personnel of the first nuclear plant in the USSR

Koshurnikova, N.A.; Buldakov, L.A.; Bysogolov, Grigory D.; Bolotnikova, Marina G.; Komleva, Natalia S.; Peternikova, Valentina S.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90068-x

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Cancer among workers of the first Russian nuclear facility Mayak Production Association (PA) has been studied for several decades. [1][2][3][4][5] More recently, non-cancer effects of prolonged occupational radiation exposure in the Mayak Worker Cohort have been examined. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Non-cancer effects, such as circulatory and respiratory diseases, were first investigated in the cohort of workers first employed during the first decade of the Mayak PA operation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischaemic heart disease incidence and mortality in an extended cohort of Mayak workers first employed in 1948–1982

Azizova¹,

Grigoryeva²,

Haylock³

et al. 2015

BJR

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ischaemic heart disease incidence and mortality in an extended cohort of Mayak workers first employed in 1948–1982

Azizova¹,

Grigoryeva²,

Haylock³

et al. 2015

BJR

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“…The data also suggest that the leukemia excess relative risk is about 1.4 per Gy, which is approximately 3-fold less than that for the atomic bomb survivors (17). This might suggest that protracted exposure lowers the risk but does not markedly change the latency period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Russian radiation legacy: its integrated impact and lessons.

Goldman

1997

Environ Health Perspect

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Information about the consequences of human exposure to radiation in the former Soviet Union has recently become available. These data add new insights and provide possible answers to several important questions regarding radiation and its impact on occupational and public health. The 1986 Chernobyl accident initiated a major and early increase in childhood thyroid cancer that resulted from ingestion of iodine-131 (1311) by young children living in the most heavily contaminated areas of Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. No significant additional cancer or other adverse medical effects have yet been reported in the affected populations and among clean-up workers. Major psychological stress independent of radiation dose has been observed in those people thought to be exposed. During the early days of the atomic energy program in the former Soviet Union, some unfortunate events occurred. The country's first atomic test in Semipalatinsk in 1949 exposed over 25,000 people downwind from the blast to significant doses of fission products, especially 1311. During the late 1940s and the early 1950s nuclear material production facilities were developed near Chelyabinsk in the South Ural Mountains, which resulted in major releases into the environment and significant overexposures for thousands of workers and nearby populations. Chronic radiation sickness was observed early in exposed workers, and increases in leukemia and other cancers were also reported. The series of plutonium inhalationrelated lung cancers and fatalities among workers exposed in that first decade appears to be unique. Long-term consequences of chronic radiation sickness and four decades of follow-up are being described for the first time. Villagers downstream from the plant consumed high levels of 137Cs and 90Sr and, it is reported, manifested increases in leukemia from internal and external exposures. Although the 4G-year databases for retrospective dosimetry and epidemiology studies are just beginning to be integrated and evaluated, preliminary evaluations suggest that there may be graded, significant dose-rate amelioration factors for cancer and leukemia risks in workers and the general population relative to the risk data on the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Even for plutonium-induced lung cancers in workers, such a dose-rate effect may be evident. These experiences give us insight into the consequences of protracted radiation at high and low doses and rates. If these findings are validated and confirmed, they can provide information that reduces some of the uncertainties in retrospective radiation dosimetry and radiation risk estimates (especially for low-level, chronic exposures) for activities related to medicine as well as the handling of nuclear materials and nuclear facility decommissioning, decontamination, and demilitarization. -Environ Health Perspect 105(Suppl 6): 1385-1391 (1997)

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“…Unfortunately, most do not provided the expected number of CLL cases, precluding assessment of whether CLLs are in deficit or close to expectation [98]. While a study by Koshurnikova et al [99] of mortality in workers at the Mayak facility found no incident CLL cases in workers employed 1948-1972 followed through 1989, an expansion and update of this cohort through 1997 [35] found 11 CLL deaths among 77 deaths from leukemia but no effects of external or internal dose on CLL risk (p > 0.5).…”

Section: Occupational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%