Mortality experience of US veterans following service as international peacekeepers in Bosnia/Kosovo theater, 1996–2002

Bullman, Tim A.; Schneiderman, Aaron

doi:10.1016/j.canep.2019.07.002

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Totally 39 articles reported other health problems, including oral, skin, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, respiratory, urinary, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic and gynecological diseases [ 64 , 71 , 80 , 82 , 94 – 100 , 107 – 109 , 112 , 138 , 141 , 147 ], skin diseases [ 101 , 104 , 110 ], leukemia [ 102 , 103 , 111 ], and others [ 92 , 93 , 105 , 106 , 113 , 114 , 116 , 117 ]. Oral, skin, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, respiratory, urinary, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic and gynecological diseases: Fourteen studies conducted comprehensive and retrospective analysis on disease characteristics of Chinese peacekeepers, including otorhinolaryngology diseases, respiratory system diseases, fracture, digestive, endocrine and metabolic diseases [ 64 , 71 , 80 , 82 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 100 , 107 , 108 , 112 , 138 , 141 , 147 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Leukemia: Two studies mentioned the aroused alert on the exposure to depleted uranium associated with leukemia among European peacekeepers who served in Iraq and the Balkans [ 102 , 103 ]. One study compared the post-war cause-specific mortality of 53,320 veterans who deployed to Bosnia/Kosovo between 1996 and 2002 to that of 117,267 veterans who were not, and found increased risks of disease related mortality among U.S. peacekeepers [ 111 ]. Others: One study monitored serologic evidence of exposure to diseases that caused acute febrile illness among Mongolian peacekeepers in South Sudan [ 106 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Multination Haiti, Sierra Leone, Australia, Central Africa Interview, Medical report, Case study, Cohort study Dengue, Lassa fever, Dengue, Tungiasis. Other health problems Adams et al 1997 [ 92 ], Thoresen et al 2003 [ 93 ], Hu et al 2005 [ 64 ], Hébert et al 2007 [ 94 ], Li et al 2008 [ 95 ], Xie et al 2009 [ 71 ], Sun et al 2011 [ 96 ], Korzeniewski et al 2011 [ 97 ], Tian et al 2011 [ 98 ], Glad et al 2012 [ 99 ], Sun et al 2014 [ 100 ], Yang et al 2014 [ 101 ], Strand et al 2014 [ 102 ], Bolognesi et al 2016 [ 103 ], Zhou et al 2016 [ 104 ], Strand et al 2016 [ 105 ], Enkhtsetseg et al 2016 [ 106 ], Tang et al 2017 [ 107 ], He et al 2017 [ 80 ], Chen et al 2018 [ 108 ], Qi et al 2018 [ 82 ], Zhao et al 2018 [ 109 ],Wang et al 2018 [ 110 ], Bullman et al 2019 [ 111 ], Qi et al 2019 [ 112 ], Zuo et al 2020 [ 113 ], Liu et al 2021 [ 114 ] Korzeniewski, 2011 [ 115 ] Okulate, 2004 [ 116 ] Duarte, 2015 [ 117 ] Western Pacific Region: China Mali, Sudan, Lebanon, Liberia, South Sudan, The Democratic Republic of Congo Expert consultation, Retrospective study Respiratory diseases, Fracture, Intermittent diarrhea, Eczema, Insomnia, Mosquito bites, Trauma, Low back and leg pain, Oral ulcers, Injuries, Skin and soft tissue defects. Oral, skin, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, respiratory, urinary, ophthalmic, otolaryngologic and gynecological diseases, leukemia Region of the Americas: Canada, U.S., Brazil Bosnia, Kosovo, Haiti Case study, Cohort study, Medical report, Interview Musculoskeletal injuries, Mortality (leukemia, respiratory disease, respiratory cancer, and heart disease).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UN peacekeeper health and risk factors --- a systematic scoping review

Yuan,

Chen,

Liu

et al. 2024

glob health res policy

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Background Conflicts, natural disasters, and complex emergencies present substantial health challenges to United Nations (UN) peacekeepers deployed in mission areas. This scoping review aims at summarizing previous research on the health of UN peacekeepers and identifies issues for further investigation. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews, we systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for English and Chinese literature published from April 1997 to November 2023. A data charting form was developed by two reviewers to extract relevant themes and provided narrative descriptions. Results We screened 1079 de-duplicated records and included 143 studies in this scoping review. There were 112 studies on the health status of UN peacekeepers, with more than half on mental health problems such as stress and anxiety. Many studies explored the health status of UN peacekeepers in African countries deployed from mainly U.S., Canada, U.K., China, Australia and Norway. There were 39 studies on the health risk factors of UN peacekeepers, including natural environmental, social environmental, psychological, behavioral lifestyle, biological factors and health service factors. There were 62 articles on the health protection of UN peacekeepers, mainly based on previous deployment experience, with a lack of theoretical guidance from global health perspectives. This scoping review found that health problems of UN peacekeepers are complicated, and whose impacts are cross-border. Social environmental factors were explored the most among health risk factors. Disease prevention measures, medical and health measures, and psychosocial measures were the main health protection for UN peacekeepers. Conclusions This scoping review highlighted that health problems of UN peacekeepers were typical global health issues with complicated and cross-border health risk factors. Therefore, comprehensive strategies could be taken from global health perspectives, including multi-phases (before-deployment, during-deployment, and post-deployment), multi-disciplines (public health, medicine, politics, health diplomacy, and others), and multi-levels (the UN, host countries, troop-contributing countries, the UN peacekeeping team, and UN peacekeepers).

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