Mortality differentials 1991−2005 by self-reported ethnicity: findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study

Scott, Anne; Timæus, Ian M.

doi:10.1136/jech-2012-202265

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The study's most important result -a statistically significant (p<.01) excess mortality among second-generation North African-origin adult males -is based on only 22 deaths in the ELM. Even though this result is consistent with other European studies (Scott and Timaeus 2013;De Grande et al 2014;Manhica et al 2015;Vandenheede et al 2015;Wallace 2016;Jervelund et al 2017), our study calls for replication in the French context. However, we are not aware of any alternative source of mortality data in France with variables allowing the proper identification of second-generation immigrants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In proportionate terms, second-generation immigrants represented 6.0% of the total EU population in 2014, up from 5.2% in 2008 (Agafiţei and Ivan 2017). Although research is sparse, second-generation status has been identified in previous studies as an important source of health disparities in EU countries, with important disadvantages in mortality outcomes for certain second-generation subgroups, especially those of non-EU origin (Harding and Balarajan 1996;Razum et al 1998;Tarnutzer, Bopp, and Grp 2012;Scott and Timaeus 2013;De Grande et al 2014;Manhica et al 2015;Vandenheede et al 2015;Wallace 2016;Jervelund et al 2017). Explanations for these mortality disadvantages include lower socioeconomic status, detrimental health behaviors, and chronic stress arising from perceived discrimination (Scott and Timaeus 2013;De Grande et al 2014;Manhica et al 2015;Vandenheede et al 2015;Wallace 2016;Jervelund et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although research is sparse, second-generation status has been identified in previous studies as an important source of health disparities in EU countries, with important disadvantages in mortality outcomes for certain second-generation subgroups, especially those of non-EU origin (Harding and Balarajan 1996;Razum et al 1998;Tarnutzer, Bopp, and Grp 2012;Scott and Timaeus 2013;De Grande et al 2014;Manhica et al 2015;Vandenheede et al 2015;Wallace 2016;Jervelund et al 2017). Explanations for these mortality disadvantages include lower socioeconomic status, detrimental health behaviors, and chronic stress arising from perceived discrimination (Scott and Timaeus 2013;De Grande et al 2014;Manhica et al 2015;Vandenheede et al 2015;Wallace 2016;Jervelund et al 2017). These patterns of excess mortality contrast with the situation of immigrants per se (i.e., the first generation) who tend to experience a mortality advantage despite lower socioeconomic status, a well-known paradox explained in part by migration selection effects (also referred to as the "healthy migrant effect") (Razum et al 1998;Palloni and Morenoff 2001;Bourbeau 2002;Khlat and Darmon 2003;Crimmins et al 2005;Gushulak 2007;Riosmena, Wong, and Palloni 2013;Vang et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult mortality among second-generation immigrants in France: Results from a nationally representative record linkage study

Guillot¹,

Khlat²,

Wallace³

2019

DemRes

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BACKGROUNDFrance has a large population of second-generation immigrants (i.e., native-born children of immigrants) who are known to experience important socioeconomic disparities by country of origin. The extent to which they also experience disparities in mortality, however, has not been previously examined. METHODSWe used a nationally representative sample of individuals 18 to 64 years old in 1999 with mortality follow-up via linked death records until 2010. We compared mortality levels for second-generation immigrants with their first-generation counterparts and with the reference (neither first-nor second-generation) population using mortality hazard ratios as well as probabilities of dying between age 18 and 65. We also adjusted hazard ratios using educational attainment reported at baseline. RESULTSWe found a large amount of excess mortality among second-generation males of North African origin compared to the reference population with no migrant background. This excess mortality was not present among second-generation males of southern European origin, for whom we instead found a mortality advantage, nor among North Africanorigin males of the first-generation. This excess mortality remained large and significant after adjusting for educational attainment. CONTRIBUTIONIn these first estimates of mortality among second-generation immigrants in France, males of North African origin stood out as a subgroup experiencing a large amount of excess mortality. This finding adds a public health dimension to the various primarily immigrants from European countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, and Poland), followed after 1945 by large waves of 'colonial' migrants (mostly from North Africa). Despite a decrease in labor migration after 1973, immigration to France continued, mostly via family reunification, and the diversity of immigrants continued to increase, with larger proportions of immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. This immigration history has generated a second-generation population that, today, is both large and diverse. The regions of origin most represented among second-generation immigrants are southern Europe (Portugal, Italy, or Spain) and North Africa (Algeria, Morocco, or Tunisia), which each region totaling about one-third. The last third comprises a very diverse set of parental countries of origin, including countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and Asia.Previous studies have shown that in France, second-generation immigrants of non-EU origin, particularly those of North African origin, experience systematic disadvantages in important areas such as educational attainment, employment, and income (Silberman and Fournier 1999;Canaméro, Canceill, and Cloarec 2000;Meurs, Pailhé, and Simon 2006;INSEE 2012;Brinbaum, Primon, and Meurs 2016). The extent to which they also experience disadvantages in the area of mortality, however, has not been previously examined. This is a significant gap given the size of the secondgeneration population in France and the importance of documenting health dispar...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adult mortality among second-generation immigrants in France: Results from a nationally representative record linkage study

Guillot¹,

Khlat²,

Wallace³

2019

DemRes

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] It is important to discuss the meaning of health inequalities while considering the socio-economic position and political factors that contribute to health services accessibility and cultural elements that influence the social representation of the healthdisease process. [6][7][8] The ethnic composition of industrialized nations differs from developing countries and the analysis of health inequalities requires consideration of the sociopolitical context of the countries; in some cases, changes in ethnic classification captures the emergence or redefines marginal groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicity and Health in Colombia: What Do Self-perceived Health Indicators Tell Us?

et al. 2016

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Objective: To compare self-perceived health indicators between ethnic groups in Colombia. Methods:Cross-sectional study with data from the 2007 National Public Health Survey (ENSP-2007). Data from 57,617 people ≥18 years were used. Variables included: belonging to an ethnic group (exposure); self-rated health; mental health problems, injuries for accidents/violence (outcomes); sex, age, education level and occupation (explicative/control). A descriptive study was carried out of the explicative variables, and the prevalence of the outcomes was calculated according to ethnicity, education level and occupation. The association between the exposure variable and the outcomes was estimated by means of adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI using logistic regression. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women.Results: The prevalence of outcomes was higher in people reporting to belong to an ethnic group and differences were found by sex, ethnic groups and health outcomes. Women from the Palenquero group were more likely to report poor self-rated health (aOR 7.04; 95%CI 2.50-19.88) and injuries from accidents/violence (aOR 7.99; 95%CI 2.89-22.07). Indigenous men were more likely to report mental health problems (aOR 1.75; 95%CI 1.41-2.17). Gradients according to ethnicity, education, occupation and sex were found. Conclusions:Minority ethnic groups are vulnerable to reporting poor health outcomes. Political actions are required to diminish health inequalities in these groups.

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“…These factors are known to have an impact on morbidity and mortality (i.e., the material pathway) [7,8] and to contribute to ethnic inequalities in mortality [9,10]. In addition, the institutional arrangements and policies may be reciprocally linked to the host population’s attitudes towards immigrants [2,5,11], all of which might affect immigrants’ health through chronic negative daily stressors such as experiences of social exclusion, intolerance and discrimination (i.e., psychosocial pathway) [7,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Integration Policies and Immigrants’ Mortality: An Explorative Study across Three European Countries

et al. 2015

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BackgroundTo integrate immigrants into their societies, European countries have adopted different types of policies, which may influence health through both material and psychosocial determinants. Recent studies have suggested poorer health outcomes for immigrants living in countries with poorly rated integration policies.ObjectiveTo analyse mortality differences of immigrants from the same country of origin living in countries with distinct integration policy contexts.MethodsFrom the mortality dataset collected in the Migrant Ethnic Health Observatory (MEHO) project, we chose the Netherlands (linked data from 1996-2006), France (unlinked; 2005-2007) and Denmark (linked; 1992-2001) as representatives of the inclusive, assimilationist and exclusionist policy models, respectively, based on the Migrant Integration Policy Index. We calculated for each country sex- and age-standardized mortality rates for Turkish-, Moroccan- and local-born populations aged 20-69 years. Poisson regression was used to estimate the mortality rate ratios (MRRs) for cross-country and within-country comparisons. The analyses were further stratified by age group and cause of death.ResultsCompared with their peers in the Netherlands, Turkish-born immigrants had higher all-cause mortality in Denmark (MRR men 1.92; 95% CI 1.74-2.13 and women 2.11; 1.80-2.47) but lower in France (men 0.64; 0.59-0.69 and women 0.58; 0.51-0.67). A similar pattern emerged for Moroccan-born immigrants. The relative differences between immigrants and the local-born population were also largest in Denmark and lowest in France (e.g., Turkish-born men MRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.38-1.67 and 0.62; 0.58-0.66, respectively). These patterns were consistent across all age groups, and more marked for cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionsAlthough confounders and data comparability issues (e.g., French cross-sectional data) may affect the findings, this study suggests that different macro-level policy contexts may influence immigrants’ mortality. Comparable mortality registration systems across Europe along with detailed socio-demographic information on immigrants may help to better assess this association.

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Mortality differentials 1991−2005 by self-reported ethnicity: findings from the ONS Longitudinal Study

Abstract: Immigrants are selected for good health. This has offset the impact of socioeconomic disadvantage on the mortality of minority ethnic groups. As the immigrant population ages and the UK-born minority ethnic population grows, ethnic differentials in all-cause mortality are likely to change.

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Adult mortality among second-generation immigrants in France: Results from a nationally representative record linkage study

Adult mortality among second-generation immigrants in France: Results from a nationally representative record linkage study

Ethnicity and Health in Colombia: What Do Self-perceived Health Indicators Tell Us?

Association between Integration Policies and Immigrants’ Mortality: An Explorative Study across Three European Countries

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