Mortality by moonlight: predation risk and the snowshoe hare

Griffin, Paul C.; Griffin, Suzanne C.; Waroquiers, Carl; Mills, L. Scott

doi:10.1093/beheco/ari074

Cited by 117 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Both individual behaviors and population dynamics of hares are overwhelmingly shaped by predation, which comprises 85-100% of mortality in different regions and different years (14). For example, hares move less and die more when illuminated to predator under a full moon on snow (15), and they tend to avoid risky canopy gaps within closed forests (16). At the population level, differences in adult survival in different stand structure types are sufficient to dampen population cycles in their southern range (17,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration

Mills

Zímová

Oyler

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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165

232

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Most examples of seasonal mismatches in phenology span multiple trophic levels, with timing of animal reproduction, hibernation, or migration becoming detached from peak food supply. The consequences of such mismatches are difficult to link to specific future climate change scenarios because the responses across trophic levels have complex underlying climate drivers often confounded by other stressors. In contrast, seasonal coat color polyphenism creating camouflage against snow is a direct and potentially severe type of seasonal mismatch if crypsis becomes compromised by the animal being white when snow is absent. It is unknown whether plasticity in the initiation or rate of coat color change will be able to reduce mismatch between the seasonal coat color and an increasingly snow-free background. We find that natural populations of snowshoe hares exposed to 3 y of widely varying snowpack have plasticity in the rate of the spring white-to-brown molt, but not in either the initiation dates of color change or the rate of the fall brown-to-white molt. Using an ensemble of locally downscaled climate projections, we also show that annual average duration of snowpack is forecast to decrease by 29–35 d by midcentury and 40–69 d by the end of the century. Without evolution in coat color phenology, the reduced snow duration will increase the number of days that white hares will be mismatched on a snowless background by four- to eightfold by the end of the century. This novel and visually compelling climate change-induced stressor likely applies to >9 widely distributed mammals with seasonal coat color.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration

Mills

Zímová

Oyler

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

165

232

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“…Os mamíferos carnívoros frequentemente têm seu período de atividade influenciado ao período de atividade de suas presas (Lima, 1998;Griffin et al, 2005 A estratégia de alimentação deste animal é oportunista, sobrevivendo em áreas degradadas e antrópicas (Langguth, 1975;Motta Junior et al, 1994;Faccure e Monteiro Filho, 1996), com uma dieta onívora incluindo principalmente pequenos mamíferos, aves, insetos e frutas, consumindo a comida mais abundante em cada estação (Bisbal e Ojasti, 1980;Berta, 1987;Motta Junior et al, 1994), tendo estes itens forte ligação com fatores abióticos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação de fatores abióticos sobre o período de atividade do graxaim (Cerdocyon thous Carnívora: Canidae)

Tortato

Althoff

2009

Biotemas

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ResumoEstudou-se o período de atividade do graxaim (Cerdocyon thous) no vale do Rio Itajaí, Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil através de armadilhas fotográficas durante um período de 15 meses e a relação desta atividade com os fatores abióticos (pluviosidade, temperatura e fases lunares). Foi constatado que sua atividade é basicamente noturna (54%) e crepuscular (25%), sendo classificada como catemeral. Não houve nenhuma relação do período de atividade com os fatores abióticos avaliados.Unitermos: atividade, comportamento, fases lunares, graxaim, pluviosidade, presas, temperatura AbstractEvaluation of abiotic factors on the activity period of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous -Carnivora: Canidae). The activity period of the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) was studied in the Itajaí valley, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, through camera traps during a 15-month survey. The existence of relationships between this behavior and abiotic factors was also investigated. We found that the crab-eating fox's activity is basically nocturnal (54%) and crepuscular (25%). It has been classified as cathemeral. However, there were no relationships among the abiotic factors estimated (rainfall, temperature and lunar phases).

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“…At present, CE tubes are almost exclusively made from impervious (nonporous) fused-silica, a material introduced in 1979 as a substrate for GC columns [1]. The chemistry of fused-silica capillaries is essentially identical to that on porous silica, and as a result, many chemical treatment schemes used to modify chromatographic particles and tubes have been readily extended to electrophoresis capillaries [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high temperatures involved in the manufacture of fused-silica capillaries (the softening point of silica is about 10007C and the temperature during capillary tube drawing can go up to 20007C [1]), the wall surface undergoes virtually complete dehydroxylation. During capillary storage and in the presence of atmospheric air, the surface becomes rehydroxylated to a varying degree depending on relative humidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of conditioning of fused‐silica capillaries on their electrophoretic performance

Gómez

Sandoval

2008

Electrophoresis

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In CE practice, conditioning of the capillary tube with strong base, acid, or both in sequence, has been recognized as essential to obtain reasonable precision in electroosmotic mobility (EOM), and consequently, in the migration times of analytes. This report focuses on the comparative study of three different approaches for capillary conditioning: etching with HF, etching with NaOH, and leaching with HCl after NaOH treatment. EOM-based measurements, including the hysteresis effect that characterizes the dependence of EOM with pH, were used to evaluate the conditioned silica surface. Additionally, indirect inspection of the conditioned surface was carried out by examining the electrophoretic profile of the cationic probe Ru(bpy)(3) (2+), known to strongly interact with the ionized silica surface while displaying no significant acid-base activity. It was shown that, once conditioned and prior to any CE measurement, extensive rinse of the capillary with the running electrolyte at high flow rate was essential to attain relatively rapid re-equilibration of the tube with the fluid. Insufficient rinse with the running electrolyte would result in negatively biased EOM measurements and significant drift in migration times. It was also established that relatively high flow rates of 1 M NaOH conditioning solution (4-5 column volumes per minute) was required to attain capillaries with reproducible electrophoretic performance within a reasonable conditioning time (typically, 1 h). In addition to relatively more extensive rehydroxylation of the silica surface, evidenced by the highest EOM values obtained, the sequential use of NaOH-etching and HCl-leaching provided better precision than HF-etching or NaOH-etching alone.

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Mortality by moonlight: predation risk and the snowshoe hare

Cited by 117 publications

References 42 publications

Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration

Camouflage mismatch in seasonal coat color due to decreased snow duration

Avaliação de fatores abióticos sobre o período de atividade do graxaim (Cerdocyon thous Carnívora: Canidae)

The effect of conditioning of fused‐silica capillaries on their electrophoretic performance

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