Mortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in a middle-aged and older population in Guinea-Bissau

Holmgren, Birgitta; Silva, Zacarias da; Vastrup, Pernille; Larsen, Olav; Andersson, Sören; Ravn, Henrik; Aaby, Péter

doi:10.1186/1742-4690-4-85

Cited by 31 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…If this is true, HIV-D-infected individuals would be expected to have a lower mortality rate than HIV-1-mono-infected individuals [21]. However, several large comparative studies from West Africa did not report reduced mortality rates among the HIV-Dinfected individuals [13,18,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Prince

Matser

Tienen

et al. 2014

Aids

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Prince

Matser

Tienen

et al. 2014

Aids

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“…The mortality rate in HIV-2-infected patients is at least twice that of uninfected individuals (26). Nonetheless, the majority of HIV-2-infected individuals survive as elite controllers (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Potent and Broadly Reactive HIV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by a Vaccinia Virus Vector Prime-C2V3C3 Polypeptide Boost Immunization Strategy

Marcelino¹,

Borrego

Rocha

et al. 2010

J Virol

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection affects about 1 to 2 million individuals, the majority living in West Africa, Europe, and India. As for HIV-1, new strategies for the prevention of HIV-2 infection are needed. Our aim was to produce new vaccine immunogens that elicit the production of broadly reactive HIV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Native and truncated envelope proteins from the reference HIV-2ALI isolate were expressed in vaccinia virus or in bacteria. This source isolate was used due to its unique phenotype combining CD4 independence and CCR5 usage. NAbs were not elicited in BALB/c mice by single immunization with a truncated and fully glycosylated envelope gp125 (gp125t) or a recombinant polypeptide comprising the C2, V3, and C3 envelope regions (rpC2-C3). A strong and broad NAb response was, however, elicited in mice primed with gp125t expressed in vaccinia virus and boosted with rpC2-C3. Serum from these animals potently neutralized (median 50% neutralizing titer, 3,200) six of six highly divergent primary HIV-2 isolates. Coreceptor usage and the V3 sequence of NAb-sensitive isolates were similar to that of the vaccinating immunogen (HIV-2ALI). In contrast, NAbs were not reactive on three X4 isolates that displayed major changes in V3 loop sequence and structure. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that broadly reactive HIV-2 NAbs can be elicited by using a vaccinia virus vector-prime/rpC2-C3-boost immunization strategy and suggest a potential relationship between escape to neutralization and cell tropism.

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“…Dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2 occurs mainly in West Africa, where the two viruses cocirculate. Several papers have indicated that dually infected patients have a disease course similar to that of patients infected with HIV-1 alone (21,52). The presence of HIV-2 in individuals dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 complicates the treatment of these patients (53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) and in Patients Dually Infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 in The Gambia and Emergence of Drug-Resistant Variants

et al. 2009

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Drug design, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and drug resistance studies have focused almost exclusively on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), resulting in limited information for patients infected with HIV-2 and for those dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2. In this study, 20 patients, 12 infected with HIV-2 and 8 dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2, all treated with zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r), were followed up longitudinally for about 3 years. For 19/20 patients, viral loads were reduced to undetectable levels; the patient whose viral load remained detectable reported adverse effects associated with LPV/r that had caused him to stop taking all the drugs. HIV-2 strains containing mutations in both the protease and the reverse transcriptase gene that may confer drug resistance were observed in two patients with viral rebound, as early as 130 days (4.3 months) after the initiation of therapy. We conclude that the combination of ZDV, 3TC, and LPV/r is able to provide efficient and durable suppression of HIV-1 and HIV-2 for as long as 3 years in HIV-2-infected and dually infected patients. However, the emergence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains containing drug-resistant mutations can compromise the efficacy of this highly active ART.

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Mortality associated with HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I single and dual infections in a middle-aged and older population in Guinea-Bissau

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Mortality rates in people dually infected with HIV-1/2 and those infected with either HIV-1 or HIV-2

Potent and Broadly Reactive HIV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by a Vaccinia Virus Vector Prime-C2V3C3 Polypeptide Boost Immunization Strategy

Virological Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2) and in Patients Dually Infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 in The Gambia and Emergence of Drug-Resistant Variants

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