Mortality and years of life lost of cardiovascular diseases in China, 2005–2020: Empirical evidence from national mortality surveillance system

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is leading cause of death in China. We aimed to provide national and subnational estimates and its change of premature mortality burden of CVD during 2005-2020. Methods: Data from multi-source on the basis of national mortality surveillance system (NMSS) was used to estimate mortality and years of life lost (YLL) of total CVD and its subcategories in Chinese population across 31 provinces during 2005-2020. Results: Estimated CVD deaths increased from 3.09 million in 2005 to 4.58 million in 2020; the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 286.85 per 100,000 in 2005 to 245.39 per 100,000 in 2020. A substantial reduction of 19.27% of CVD premature mortality burden, as measured by age-standardized YLL rate, was observed. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), hemorrhagic stroke (HS) and ischemic stroke (IS) were leading 3 causes of CVD death. Marked differences were observed in geographical patterns for total CVD and its subcategories, and it appeared to be lower in areas with higher economic development. Population ageing was dominant driver contributed to CVD deaths increase, followed by population growth. And, age-specific mortality shifts contributed largely to CVD deaths decline in most provinces. Conclusion: Substantial discrepancies were demonstrated in CVD premature mortality burden across China. Targeted considerations were needed to integrate primary care with clinical care through intensifying further strategies for reducing CVD mortality among specific subcategories, high risk population and regions with inadequate healthcare resources.

Frailty Index and Cardiovascular Disease among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Study

“…Finally, we performed the following three sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the findings: (1) We additionally adjusted for biomarkers, including FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c and eGFR. (2) We assessed the effect of death as a competing risk for CVD using the Fine and Gray competing risk model. Because the frailty index was associated with mortality, if people with higher frailty index died before developing CVD, then the actual number of CVD events will be reduced, thereby affecting the probability of CVD events.…”

“…Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in China [ 1 ]. Aging is a major driver of increased cardiovascular deaths, accounting for 64% [ 2 ]. In a progressively aging population, the potency of traditional risk factors to estimate the risk of CVD may decline.…”

Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease

“…CVD is a disease with high mortality and recurrence rate worldwide [ 16 ]. CVD is a hemorrhagic or ischemic disease of blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis and encompasses several entities such as hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure [ 17 ].…”

Spatiotemporal trends and ecological determinants of cardiovascular mortality among 2844 counties in mainland China, 2006–2020: a Bayesian modeling study of national mortality registries

“…These disparities affect overall CVD mortality, and sometimes, the influence of these factors far exceed the medical treatment itself, but their roles are often overlooked [ 15 ]. Effective intervention to reduce CVD mortality thus requires a better understanding of the exact geographical distribution and its impacts on CVD mortality [ 15 , 16 ]. Determinants of health are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks and they embody the consequences of multifaceted societal processes and norms that shape living conditions and produce a broad range of health disparities, which are roughly included medical and nonmedical ones [ 15 , 17 – 19 ].…”