Mortality and Morbidity Trends: Is There Compression of Morbidity?

Crimmins, Eileen M.; Beltrán‐Sánchez, Hiram

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbq088

Cited by 492 publications

(411 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…However, the results of numerous studies show that the healthy life expectancy indicator is systematically decreasing [1,2]. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases and cancer which are the major cause of death is increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adherence to physical activity guidelines and functional fitness of elderly women, using objective measurement

Nawrocka

Mynarski

Cholewa

2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Nawrocka A, Mynarski W, Cholewa J. Adherence to physical activity guidelines and functional fitness of elderly women, using objective measurement. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2017; 24(4): 632-635. doi: 0.5604/12321966.1231388 Abstract Introduction and objective. Physical activity is an important factor in maintaining the health and functional fitness of elderly people. The aim of the study was to determine the number of senior women meeting the physical activity guidelines, and their level of functional fitness in comparison to women who are not sufficiently physically active. Materials and method. The study involved 61 women, aged 60-75. Physical activity was monitored on seven consecutive days of the week, using a triaxial accelerometer ActiGraph GT3X. Results of the assessment of physical activity were verified against the Global Recommendations of Physical Activity for Health. The Senior Fitness Test (Fullerton Test) was used to evaluate functional fitness. Results. In the studied group, 36.1% achieved the recommended level of physical activity. All those examined mainly undertook physical activity of low intensity. Vigorous physical activity during the week was noted in only 6 seniors. Women who met the recommendations of physical activity achieved significantly better results in test trials, e.g. Chair Stands, Up and Go, Six Minute Step Test. Conclusions. Adherence to physical activity guidelines was associated with better functional fitness of older women. However, less than half of the examined seniors met the Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, they are popularized by many world organizations and institutions [7]. It is recommended that elderly people should undertake physical activity of moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes weekly, or of high intensity for at least 75 minutes per week [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to physical activity guidelines and functional fitness of elderly women, using objective measurement

Nawrocka

Mynarski

Cholewa

2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Speculation about the compression or expansion of morbidity in the population has led to numerous trend studies using population survey data (Chatterji et al 2015;Robine and Michel 2004;Sole-Auro and Alaniz 2014). Results have revealed diverging trends depending on countries, time points, methodology and on which health indicator has been used (Crimmins and Beltrán-Sánchez 2011;Parker and Thorslund 2007). In general, prevalence rates of chronic diseases have been found to increase since the early 1990s while studies using disability and physical functional indicators have shown mixed results (Crimmins and Beltrán-Sánchez 2011;Galenkamp et al 2013;Martin et al 2012;Parker and Thorslund 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex health problems among the oldest old in Sweden: increased prevalence rates between 1992 and 2002 and stable rates thereafter

et al. 2015

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Studies of health trends in older populations usually focus on single health indicators. We include multiple medical and functional indicators, which together indicate the broader impact of health problems experienced by individuals and the need for integrated care from several providers of medical and long-term care. The study identified severe problems in three health domains (diseases/ symptoms, mobility, and cognition/communication)

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“…Aging has been conceptualized as the increasing loss of physiologic function, a trajectory followed by most people as they get older (22). If so, health classes in an aging population should be arranged linearly by chronological age as people progress from one class to the other in sequence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Empirical redefinition of comprehensive health and well-being in the older adults of the United States

McClintock

Dale

Laumann

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a "state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Despite general acceptance of this comprehensive definition, there has been little rigorous scientific attempt to use it to measure and assess population health. Instead, the dominant model of health is a disease-centered Medical Model (MM), which actively ignores many relevant domains. In contrast to the MM, we approach this issue through a Comprehensive Model (CM) of health consistent with the WHO definition, giving statistically equal consideration to multiple health domains, including medical, physical, psychological, functional, and sensory measures. We apply a data-driven latent class analysis (LCA) to model 54 specific health variables from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative sample of US community-dwelling older adults. We first apply the LCA to the MM, identifying five health classes differentiated primarily by having diabetes and hypertension. The CM identifies a broader range of six health classes, including two "emergent" classes completely obscured by the MM. We find that specific medical diagnoses (cancer and hypertension) and health behaviors (smoking) are far less important than mental health (loneliness), sensory function (hearing), mobility, and bone fractures in defining vulnerable health classes. Although the MM places two-thirds of the US population into "robust health" classes, the CM reveals that one-half belong to less healthy classes, independently associated with higher mortality. This reconceptualization has important implications for medical care delivery, preventive health practices, and resource allocation.comprehensive health | aging | disease | well-being | health policy I n 1946, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (1). In 1977, George Engel (2) built on this definition, calling for a new biopsychosocial model. It integrated traditional medicine with psychosocial factors, which stimulated the field of psychosomatic medicine. These ideas have been honored more as an ideal than in practice.Here, we seek to apply this comprehensive definition to characterize the health of US older adults living in their homes. Studying a representative sample of the US population ages 57-85 y old [the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (NSHAP)], we gathered wide-ranging information on the diseases of the traditional "Medical Model" (MM) and also, psychological well-being and physical function in a "Comprehensive Model" (CM) informed by the approach by Engel (2, 3). We empirically determined if these health measures formed distinct constellations, characterizing groups of people with different patterns of health and well-being. Our large survey of 3,005 community-dwelling older adults ages 57-85 y old was not a clinical sample or a sample of con...

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Mortality and Morbidity Trends: Is There Compression of Morbidity?

Abstract: Empirical findings do not support recent compression of morbidity when morbidity is defined as major disease and mobility functioning loss.

Cited by 492 publications

References 87 publications

Adherence to physical activity guidelines and functional fitness of elderly women, using objective measurement

Adherence to physical activity guidelines and functional fitness of elderly women, using objective measurement

Complex health problems among the oldest old in Sweden: increased prevalence rates between 1992 and 2002 and stable rates thereafter

Empirical redefinition of comprehensive health and well-being in the older adults of the United States

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