Mortality and Disease in Wild Turkeys (<i>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris</i>) in Ontario, Canada, from 1992 to 2014: A Retrospective Review

MacDonald, Amanda M.; Jardine, Claire M.; Campbell, G. Douglas; Nemeth, Nicole M.

doi:10.1637/11376-012216-reg.1

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Most of the species associated with chronic dermatitis are ubiquitous bacteria and/or normally occur on the skin of wild turkeys. Consistent with previous studies, there did not seem to be a single species of bacterium that was associated with these lesions; rather, multiple species commonly were cultured (Thogmartin et al 1999, MacDonald et al 2016). Most of the birds with chronic dermatitis were submitted during the summer and spring; however, sample size was insufficient to infer trends based on seasonal distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Consistent with previous studies, lesions on the unfeathered skin of the head, neck, and distal legs were the most common cause of morbidity/mortality diagnosed in wild turkeys (Elsmo et al 2016). Lesions are highly visible and can result in debilitating disease; therefore, they are more likely to be noticed and submitted for necropsy by the general public (Davidson et al 1985, Elsmo et al 2016, MacDonald et al 2016). Skin lesions in wild turkeys are diagnostically challenging because multiple diseases can produce grossly indistinguishable lesions and consequently, histology or ancillary tests are required for diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active and passive disease surveillance in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from 2008 to 2018 in Pennsylvania, USA

MacDonald

Johnson

Casalena

et al. 2022

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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There are increasing concerns about the effects of disease on wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Yet, many management agencies lack adequate data on wild turkey diseases and pathogens to address this concern. Toward that end, the Pennsylvania Game Commission increased surveillance efforts on wild turkeys beginning in 2013 (referred to hereafter as the enhanced surveillance period). From 2008-2018, 121 wild turkeys from Pennsylvania were submitted for necropsy, with 102/121 (84.3%) submitted during the enhanced surveillance period (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018). We examined cases to determine causes of morbidity/mortality through gross and microscopic examinations and ancillary tests. The most common causes of morbidity/mortality in the examined wild turkeys were avian pox (66/121; 54.5%), chronic dermatitis (15/121; 12.4%), and trauma (10/121; 8.3%). We diagnosed additional diseases for the first time or more frequently during the enhanced surveillance period, including histomoniasis (7/121; 5.7%) and infectious sinusitis (1/121; 0.8%). Skin lesions were the most common cause of submission (94/121; 77.7%) and were most often attributed to avian pox (66/94, 70.2%), chronic dermatitis (15/94; 16.0%), or lymphoproliferative disease (3/94; 3.2%).During 2013-2018, tissues and sera were collected from any diagnostic cases and hunter-harvested turkeys to create a tissue repository. We used these samples to test for infection

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active and passive disease surveillance in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from 2008 to 2018 in Pennsylvania, USA

MacDonald

Johnson

Casalena

et al. 2022

Wildlife Society Bulletin

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“…(2011) and MacDonald et al . (2016) found the incidence of infection in their focal populations to be 27.6%, 19%, 14% and 28%, respectively, although they included all forms of infection in comparison to only osteomyelitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple occurrences of pathologies suggesting a common and severe bone infection in a population of the Australian Pleistocene giant, Genyornis newtoni (Aves, Dromornithidae)

McInerney

Arnold

Burke

et al. 2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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Vertebrate fossils showing pathological lesions are incredibly rare, and even more so is the identification of an ailment affecting multiple individuals in a population. However, the unique Lake Callabonna fossil deposit of South Australia has produced several such fossils from a single species of giant bird. Examination of the Lake Callabonna fossils of Genyornis newtoni, an extinct Pleistocene dromornithid, representing at least 34 individuals, has resulted in the identification of six osseous pathologies. These lesions are typical of the bone infection osteomyelitis, and affect a sternum, a tarsometatarsus and four phalanges across four individuals. The identification and description of osteomyelitis in these bones is the first of its kind for extinct galloanseres. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of host deposits shows that these animals were mired in lakebed sediments ranging from 54.2 to 50.4 kyr in age, probably becoming entrapped during a protracted drought phase previously identified as beginning at c. 48 ka and which would have resulted in the lakebed becoming exposed. Additional pathologies are recognized in phalanges of two other dromornithids, Dromornis stirtoni and Ilbandornis woodburnei, from the Miocene Alcoota deposit of the Northern Territory that are also interpreted as drought associated. It is possible that drought‐driven stress and consequent immunosuppressive effects may have contributed to the high frequency of lesions observed in the sampled birds.

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“…It is known that Wild Turkeys are affected by deep, powdered snow in that it restricts their movement across the landscape during the winter months, reducing their ability to forage and evade predators (Austin and DeGraff 1975, Wunz and Hayden 1975, Porter 1977, Porter et al 1980, Nguyen et al 2003, Kane et al 2007, Gonnerman 2021). There has also been one reported instance of a Wild Turkey dying from frostbite in Ontario (MacDonald et al 2016). Thus, to represent differences in winter severity across their range, minimum winter temperature, and average snow depth were included in the model.…”

Section: Species Distribution Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining community science and MaxEnt modeling to estimate Wild Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) winter abundance and distribution

Baici¹,

Bowman²

2023

ACE

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Understanding the distribution and abundance of species is a fundamental aspect of conservation biology. Species distribution models aim to predict distributions based on species observations and ecologically relevant information. To understand the contemporary distribution of Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) in Ontario, we curated and collated Wild Turkey flock observations from eBird and iNaturalist submitted during winter 2018. We combined these with environmental predictors to build distribution models using MaxEnt and evaluated model fit using 10-fold cross validation. We also estimated total population size for this species under different modeling scenarios. The potential presence of unknown spatial bias in community science datasets is a complex problem often requiring context-specific statistical solutions. Data cleaning, sometimes referred to as thinning, filtering, or culling, is often proposed to manage this bias. As such, we tested the effect of data cleaning on model outputs and on subsequent analyses. We evaluated all models using area under the curve (AUC). We found building density to be the most important environmental variable followed by winter severity. We validated our habitat suitability estimates using fine-scale GPS data and found that data cleaning had no effect on habitat suitability estimates inside available Wild Turkey habitat or inside core-use areas, except at one site in 2012 (t = -2.2, P = 0.04, df = 14). Use of community collected data offers a cost-efficient and collaborative method to obtain data for species distribution modeling and management. We discuss implications for Wild Turkey management and present potential contemporary distribution maps for this species. Combinaison de science citoyenne et de modélisation MaxEnt pour estimer l'abondance et la répartition hivernale du Dindon sauvage (Meleagris gallopavo)RÉSUMÉ. La compréhension de la répartition et de l'abondance des espèces est un des aspects fondamentaux de la biologie de la conservation. Les modèles de répartition d'espèces visent à prédire la répartition sur la base d'observations d'espèces et d'informations écologiquement pertinentes. Pour établir la répartition contemporaine du Dindon sauvage (Meleagris gallopavo) en Ontario, nous avons extrait et colligé les observations de groupes de dindons provenant d'eBird et d'iNaturalist soumises au cours de l'hiver 2018. Nous les avons combinées avec des variables explicatives environnementales pour construire des modèles de répartition à l'aide de MaxEnt et avons évalué l'ajustement des modèles à l'aide d'une validation croisée répétée 10 fois. Nous avons également estimé la taille de la population selon différents scénarios de modélisation. La présence potentielle d'un biais spatial inconnu dans les jeux de données issus de programmes de science citoyenne est un problème complexe qui nécessite souvent des solutions statistiques spécifiques au contexte. Pour gérer ce biais, il est souvent proposé aux spécialistes de procéder au nettoyage des données, parfois appelé «...

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Mortality and Disease in Wild Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in Ontario, Canada, from 1992 to 2014: A Retrospective Review

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Active and passive disease surveillance in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from 2008 to 2018 in Pennsylvania, USA

Active and passive disease surveillance in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from 2008 to 2018 in Pennsylvania, USA

Multiple occurrences of pathologies suggesting a common and severe bone infection in a population of the Australian Pleistocene giant, Genyornis newtoni (Aves, Dromornithidae)

Combining community science and MaxEnt modeling to estimate Wild Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ) winter abundance and distribution

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