Mortality and cause of death in a cohort of people who had ever injected drugs in Glasgow: 1982–2012

Nambiar, Dhanya; Weir, Alan; Aspinall, Esther; Stoové, Mark; Hutchinson, Sharon J.; Dietze, Paul; Waugh, Lynsey; Goldberg, David J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.008

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Recent data from The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS described a 19% decline in AIDS-related deaths from 2011 to 2014, and a 35% decline from 2005 to 2014 [1**]. Among HIV-positive PWID however, the leading cause of death remains HIV/AIDS-related causes [2,3**,7,29,30,31*,32–34,35*,36**,37], reflecting suboptimal levels of ART access, and adherence in this population.…”

Section: Hiv/aids-related Mortality In the Modern Treatment Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, incarceration [1**,43] and personal violence [3**,7,10*] remain persistent issues among HIV-positive PWID, with research demonstrating increased rates of suicides [7,44] being independently associated with a history of IDU (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.95; confidence interval: 1.99 – 7.86) [44]. Studies conducted in settings without universal healthcare may not be able to distinguish the effect of the aforementioned factors independent of the influence of financial need.…”

Section: Hiv/aids-related Mortality In the Modern Treatment Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors suggest the need for further research to understand if this finding is driven by HIV-positive PWID’s poorer physical health, increased social disadvantage, or greater likelihood of engaging in higher risk behaviors that may contribute to fatal outcomes, namely, drug overdose [24*]. Indeed, overdose and accidental poisoning have been highlighted in recent scholar- ship as a leading cause of death for HIV-positive PWID [3**,7,11,31*,32–34,35*,36**]. In a prospective multicenter study of HIV and HCV co-infected patients across six Canadian provinces, 18% of the cohort died because of drug overdose during the study period [11].…”

Section: Drug-related Fatalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has underscored the impact of liver-related diseases [2,11,30,31*,50], including hepatitis C virus (HCV) [7,34,51], on premature mortality among HIV-positive PWID, with HIV – HCV co-infected individuals having a significantly increased risk of death [11]. A 15-year prospective cohort study investigating predictors of liver-related death in a cohort of PWID in Vancouver showed that HIV seropositivity was independently and positively associated with liver-related mortality [31*].…”

Section: Addressing Hepatitis C Virus- Related Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs

Parashar

Collins

Montaner

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of review The modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era has seen substantial reductions in mortality among people living with HIV. However, HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWIDs) continue to experience high rates of suboptimal HIV-related outcomes. We review recent findings regarding factors contributing to premature and preventable mortality among HIV-positive PWID, and describe the promise of interventions to improve survival in this group. Recent findings The current leading causes of death among HIV-positive PWID are HIV/AIDS-related causes, overdose, and liver-related causes, including infection with hepatitis C virus. Elevated mortality levels in this population are driven by social–structural barriers to ART access and adherence, particularly criminalization and stigmatization of drug use. In contexts where opioid substitution therapy and ART adherence support programs are widely accessible, evidence highlights comparable levels of survival among HIV-positive PWID and people living with HIV who do not inject drugs. Summary The life-saving benefits of ART can be realized among HIV-positive PWID when it is paired with strategies that address barriers to evidence-based medical care. Joint administration of ART and opioid substitution therapy, as well as repeal of punitive laws that criminalize drug users, are urgently needed to reduce HIV and injection-related mortality among PWID.

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Section: Hiv/aids-related Mortality In the Modern Treatment Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hiv/aids-related Mortality In the Modern Treatment Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Drug-related Fatalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Addressing Hepatitis C Virus- Related Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs

Parashar

Collins

Montaner

et al. 2016

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Disability was defined by self-report if respondents endorsed “unable to work due to disability” . Age was categorized into less than 25, 25–35, 36–45, and greater than 45 for regression analyses to parallel age classification utilized in a similar report [34]. Previous-30 day drug use including heroin, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and injected cocaine, and speedballs (i.e., injected heroin and cocaine) were also explored.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hazard Analysis of Risk Factors of Mortality in Individuals Who Inject Drugs in Denver CO

et al. 2017

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Despite multiple risk factors for mortality among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID), more research is warranted that examines sub-populations within PWID. Mortality data from PWID participating in longitudinal HIV prevention research in Denver were obtained from The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Risk factors for both all-cause and acute-toxicity related mortality were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Two-thousand seven individuals were interviewed at baseline. Eighty-six individuals died during the time frame of the study, 58 of which were due to acutetoxicity. Disabled (HR = 3.3, p < 0.001), gay/lesbian-identified (HR = 2.6, p = 0.03), white race/ethnicity (HR = 2.4, p = 0.003), and use of a shared cooker (HR = 2.1, p = 0.01) were important adjusted risk factors. These suggest that drug and HIV interventions should utilize techniques that can address the needs of marginalized populations in addition to HIV drug risk behaviors.

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Association of History of Injection Drug Use with External Cause-Related Mortality Among Persons Linked to HIV Care in an Urban Clinic, 2001–2015

et al. 2019

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Mortality and cause of death in a cohort of people who had ever injected drugs in Glasgow: 1982–2012

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs

Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs

A Hazard Analysis of Risk Factors of Mortality in Individuals Who Inject Drugs in Denver CO

Association of History of Injection Drug Use with External Cause-Related Mortality Among Persons Linked to HIV Care in an Urban Clinic, 2001–2015

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