MORTALIDADE POR MELANOMA MALIGNO NO BRASIL ENTRE OS ANOS DE 2013 E 2022: Tendências regionais, em relação ao gênero, etnia e à faixa etária

Abstract

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in Brazil, with a high cure rate if treated early. Melanoma, an aggressive type of skin cancer, accounts for 79% of deaths from skin cancer. Its incidence is increasing globally due to sun exposure and other behavioral changes. This study analyzes mortality from cutaneous melanoma in Brazil, considering regional, gender, and ethnic factors. Methodology: Retrospective and observational study based on data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) from 2013 to 2022. Data on deaths from malignant melanoma of the skin were analyzed across various regions, genders, age groups, and ethnicities. Relevant literature selection was conducted through searches in BVS and PubMed. Results: The mortality rate from melanoma ranged from 1,547 to 1,959 deaths annually from 2013 to 2022. The Southeast region had the highest number of deaths, followed by the South and Northeast. The Southeast recorded a total of 7,821 deaths during the period, while the North had the lowest number, with 471 deaths. Men were more affected than women, accounting for 57.5% of deaths. White ethnicity accounted for 82.1% of deaths. Mortality increased progressively with age, stabilizing after age 70. Discussion: Melanoma mortality exhibited fluctuating patterns in Brazil, with peaks in 2019 and declines in 2020-2021. Regional disparities reflect differences in healthcare access, cultural habits, and socioeconomic factors. Higher mortality among men may be linked to greater exposure to risk factors and lower rates of early diagnosis. The high incidence among white individuals underscores the need for specific health policies. Preventive strategies should focus on raising awareness about sun exposure, early diagnosis, and improving healthcare infrastructure. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for public health policies tailored to regional specificities to reduce melanoma mortality in Brazil. Awareness campaigns, screening programs, and improved treatment access are essential to mitigate the effects of cutaneous melanoma.