Mortalidad por causas violentas en adolescentes y jóvenes: un desafio para la Región de las Américas

Abstract

This paper describes mortality trends for homicides, suicides, traffic accidents and other external causes in the entire population, adolescents, and youngsters, from 16 countries in the Region of the Americas. This study used the information compiled by the Pan American Health Organization data bank from 1980 until the last year in the 90's in which data was available for each country. A description of different subgroups of adolescents and young people, by age, and sex, is provided. Results indicate that in most countries (Canada, USA, Ecuador, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, Trinidad and Tobago, and El Salvador), mortality trends due to external causes have been decreasing in the entire population, as well as among adolescents and young people. Colombia and Brazil are the only countries analyzed which have increasing mortality rates by external causes in their populations. The countries with highest mortality rates due to external causes among adolescents and young people, in decreasing order, are: Colombia, El Salvador, Venezuela, Brazil and Puerto Rico. The primary external causes of death in the entire population, as well as among adolescents and young people, are traffic accidents. However, in almost all of the countries analyzed, death rates are decreasing. Ten of the countries analyzed revealed a progressive increase in homicides in all of the age groups studied (Colombia, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Uruguay, Panama, USA, Venezuela, and Brazil). The countries with the highest homicide rates among young men, between 15 and 19 years of age, in decreasing order, are: Colombia, El Salvador, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Brazil. Young men, between 20 and 24 years of age, were the subgroup with the highest homicide rates. In the United States and Brazil, there is an alarming increase in the homicide rate of boys between 15 and 19 years of age. Suicide is a growing problem among adolescents and young people in Cuba, Canada, USA, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, and El Salvador. Increasing mortality rates due to homicide reflect the pressing need for epidemiological surveillance and violence prevention programs directed towards adolescents and young people in the Region of the Americas. alrededor del 20% del total del gasto nacional en salud de los países de la Región 2 . Las muertes por violencia constituyen sólo una pequeña proporción del problema. De acuerdo con estimaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, por cada niño y adolescente que muere de una lesión traumática, hay 15 que quedan severamente afectados y otros 30 a 40 que registran daños que requieren de cuidados médicos, psicológicos o de rehabilitación. No existe registro sistemático en América Latina de las formas no letales de violencia. En la mayor parte de los países de la región no se han implementado sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica de hechos violentos. Sin embargo, resultados de investigaciones aisladas permiten apreciar el espectro y la frecuencia significativamente mayor de estas lesiones que, aunque no matan, de...

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“…Recife, 1992-1993 n % (MS, 1996). Tal alteração pode mostrar a importância da investigação complementar na correção da causa básica do óbi-to constante na DO.…”

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“…This study's objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the most frequent causes of death in this population group.The main purpose was to evaluate the occurrence and recording of deaths among women 10 to 49 years of age in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during 1992 and1993, and to …”

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