Mortalidad en México por influenza y neumonía (1990-2005)

Kuri‐Morales, Pablo; Galván, Fernando; Cravioto, Patricia; Rosas, Luis Alberto Zárraga; Tapia-Conyer, Roberto

doi:10.1590/s0036-36342006000500004

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In a growing epidemic, given a significant delay from illness onset to death [5], one expects to underestimate the case-fatality proportion as the deaths reflect cases from an earlier, smaller phase of the epidemic [6]. Also, counting only laboratory confirmed deaths is likely to result in a significant underestimation of the true number of deaths, because of insensitivity depending on the timing and adequacy of the specimen, the fact that many severe pneumonia patients were not tested (approximately 1000–2000 such cases typically occur in Mexico in April [7]), and the fact that a majority of influenza deaths are attributed to circulatory causes rather than identified as pneumonia or influenza [8]. Nonetheless, as the number of deaths accumulates, especially if illness onset dates are available for fatal cases, our estimates may provide an appropriate denominator for revised estimates of the case-fatality proportion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cumulative Incidence of Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Foreign Travelers to Estimate Lower Bounds on Cumulative Incidence in Mexico

et al. 2009

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BackgroundAn accurate estimate of the total number of cases and severity of illness of an emerging infectious disease is required both to define the burden of the epidemic and to determine the severity of disease. When a novel pathogen first appears, affected individuals with severe symptoms are more likely to be diagnosed. Accordingly, the total number of cases will be underestimated and disease severity overestimated. This problem is manifest in the current epidemic of novel influenza A/H1N1.Methods and ResultsWe used a simple approach to leverage measures of incident influenza A/H1N1 among a relatively small and well observed group of US, UK, Spanish and Canadian travelers who had visited Mexico to estimate the incidence among a much larger and less well surveyed population of Mexican residents. We estimate that a minimum of 113,000 to 375,000 cases of novel influenza A/H1N1 have occurred in Mexicans during the month of April, 2009. Such an estimate serves as a lower bound because it does not account for underreporting of cases in travelers or for nonrandom mixing between Mexican residents and visitors, which together could increase the estimates by more than an order of magnitude.ConclusionsWe find that the number of cases in Mexican residents may exceed the number of confirmed cases by two to three orders of magnitude. While the extent of disease spread is greater than previously appreciated, our estimate suggests that severe disease is uncommon since the total number of cases is likely to be much larger than those of confirmed cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Cumulative Incidence of Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Foreign Travelers to Estimate Lower Bounds on Cumulative Incidence in Mexico

et al. 2009

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“…Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) son muy frecuentes y representan un importante problema de salud pública en el mundo [1][2][3][4][5] . Éstas, constituyen un grupo de enfermedades que se producen en el sistema respiratorio, causadas por diferentes microorganismos como virus y bacterias, que comienzan de forma repentina y duran menos de dos semanas 1 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Costos económicos de la infección respiratoria aguda en un Municipio de Colombia

Bernal-Aguirre

Carvajal-Sierra

Alvis-Zakzuk

2017

revsal

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RESUMENObjetivo: Estimar los costos económicos de las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) en el municipio de AquitaniaBoyacá, 2014. Métodos: Evaluación económica parcial, tipo descripción de costos desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud. Se utilizó la técnica de micro-costeo para estimar los costos asociados a las IRA en Aquitania-Boyacá. Los costos se discriminaron por los siguientes rubros: consultas, exámenes de laboratorio e imágenes, medicamentos, materiales e insumos y estancia hospitalaria. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central para resumir la información con sus respectivas medidas de dispersión. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron en Microsoft Excel 2013®. Resultados: Los 1.576 pacientes, representaron 2.471 atenciones por IRA en la Empresa Social del Estado (ESE) Salud Aquitania, de las cuales el 15,6% fueron en el servicio de urgencias, 81,4% en consulta externa y 3% en el servicio de hospitalización de la ESE Salud Aquitania. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 2,5 días, (máximo de cinco días). El costo promedio de un paciente con IRA hospitalizado fue $759.437 (RIC$639.132-$879.742); para mujeres fue de $753.879 (RIC$548.862-$877.895) y en hombres de $764.397 (RIC$618.523-$910.271). El rubro que representó un mayor peso en el total del costo por caso hospitalizado fue la estancia hospitalaria, con el 64%. Conclusión: las IRA representan una elevada carga económica al municipio de Aquitania Boyacá. La carga económica para el sistema de salud de la atención de pacientes ambulatorios en Aquitania-Boyacá en 2014 fue de $78.9 millones de pesos y la relacionada con la hospitalización fue de $56.198.338 (IC95% $ 47.295.768 -$65.100.908).Palabras clave: costos de enfermedad, análisis de costos, evaluación económica, costos directos, infección respiratoria aguda. ABSTRACTObjective: To estimate the economic costs related to Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in a Colombian municipality. Methods: A retrospective cost-of-illness study was conducted to estimate economic costs due to ARI

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“…It constitutes a public health concern due to the burden that it represents for the health system and labor market, and for its potential to evolve into a pandemic [1-3]. The virus is sub-classified based on its surface glycoproteins, hemaglutinin and neuroaminidase, which confer the pathogenicity [1,3-6]. Its high antigenic mutation capability is responsible for the cyclic outbreaks observed annually [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus is sub-classified based on its surface glycoproteins, hemaglutinin and neuroaminidase, which confer the pathogenicity [1,3-6]. Its high antigenic mutation capability is responsible for the cyclic outbreaks observed annually [1,5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of AH1N1 viral infection and clinical features in symptomatic patients who received medical care during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Central Mexico

2012

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BackgroundIn 2009 a new influenza serotype (AH1N1) was identified in Mexico that spread rapidly generating worldwide alarm. San Luis Potosi (SLP) was the third state with more cases reported in that year. The clinical identification of this flu posed a challenge to medical staff. This study aimed at estimating the AH1N1 infection, hospitalization and mortality rates, and at identifying related clinical features in persons who received medical care during the influenza pandemic.MethodsRetrospective study with persons with flu-like illness who received public or private medical care in SLP from 15.03.09 to 30.10.09. Physicians purposely recorded many clinical variables. Samples from pharyngeal exudate or bronchoalveolar lavage were taken to diagnose AH1N1 using real-time PCR. Clinical predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression with infection as a dependent variable. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Analyses were stratified by age group based on the distribution of positive cases.ResultsFrom the 6922 persons with flu symptoms 6158 had available laboratory results from which 44.9% turned out to be positive for AH1N1. From those, 5.8% were hospitalized and 0.7% died. Most positive cases were aged 5–14 years and, in this subgroup, older age was positively associated with A H1N1 infection (95% CI 1.05-1.1); conversely, in patients aged 15 years or more, older age was negatively associated with the infection (95% CI 0.97-0.98). Fever was related in those aged 15 years or more (95% CI 1.4-3.5), and headache (95% CI 1.2-2.2) only in the 0–14 years group. Clear rhinorrhea and cough were positively related in both groups (p < 0.05). Arthralgia, dyspnea and vaccination history were related to lesser risk in persons aged 15 years or more, just as dyspnea, purulent rhinorrhea and leukocytosis were in the 0–14 years group.ConclusionThis study identified various signs and symptoms for the clinical diagnosis of AH1N1 influenza and revealed that some of them can be age-specific.

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Mortalidad en México por influenza y neumonía (1990-2005)

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Use of Cumulative Incidence of Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Foreign Travelers to Estimate Lower Bounds on Cumulative Incidence in Mexico

Use of Cumulative Incidence of Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Foreign Travelers to Estimate Lower Bounds on Cumulative Incidence in Mexico

Costos económicos de la infección respiratoria aguda en un Municipio de Colombia

Occurrence of AH1N1 viral infection and clinical features in symptomatic patients who received medical care during the 2009 influenza pandemic in Central Mexico

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