Morphotectonic records of neotectonic activity in the vicinity of North Almora Thrust Zone, Central Kumaun Himalaya

Kothyari, Girish Ch; Kandregula, Raj Sunil; Luirei, Khayingshing

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.021

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Juyal et al () and Ray and Srivastava () believe that the incision of the Alaknanda River valley began around 11 ka. Further, based on the studies of these fluvial terraces, four phases of tectonic uplift along NAT have been estimated between 34 and 3 ka (Kothyari, Kandregula, & Luirei, ). However, three phases of major phases of aggradation and incision have been estimated around 33.5, 17.5, 8, and 3.6 ka (Kothyari & Luirei, ).…”

Section: Combined Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges are secondary bedrock‐walled channels that form in relation to episodes of river blockage or aggradation (Kothyari et al, ; Ouimet, Whipple, Crosby, Johnson, & Schildgen, ). It is argued that the older river channel was abandoned because of accelerated sedimentation; as a result of which, the river was forced to occupy the new course.…”

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) analysis combined with field evidences is extensively used to deduct neotectonic deformation across the complex Himalayan domain. However, the morphometric approach has been widely used to evaluate the signature of tectonic activity (Agarwal, Bali, & Singh, , Agarwal, Bali, Kumar, Srivastava, & Singh, ; Agarwal & Sharma, ; Agarwal, Prakash, Nawaz Ali, & Jahan, ; Ambili & Narayana, ; Dehbozorgi et al, ; Figueroa & Knott, ; Ganas, Pavlides, & Karastathis, ; Jacques, Salvador, Machado, Grohmann, & Nummer, ; Kothyari, ; Kothyari & Luirei, ; Kothyari, Rastogi, Morthekai, & Dumka, ; Kothyari, Kandregula, & Luirei, , ; Özkaymak & Sözbilir, ; Petrovszki, Székely, & Timár, ; Prakash, Agarwal, & Sharma, ; Silva, Goy, Zazo, & Bardajm, ). Stream length‐gradient index (SL‐index; Hack, ) and steepness index (ksn) are globally used to detect neotectonic movements from longitudinal stream slope profiles (Kirby & Whipple, ; Kothyari et al, , ; Whipple, Di‐Biase, & Crosby, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

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Section: Combined Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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“…In the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Taloor et al (2017) and Kothyari et al (2017a) carried out the tectono-geomorphic evaluation of the Binta basin ( Fig. Fig.…”

Section: Garhwal and Kumaun Himalayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Rajendran¹,

Singh²,

Mukul³

et al. 2020

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The last few years have witnessed consistent growth in paleoseismic investigations and active fault research in India. An overview of relevant publications during 2016-2020 indicates that this field is now widely accepted as a tool to characterize the seismic hazard in the country. Such studies initiated in the country in early nineties have gained momentum and widened its scope into a variety of tectonic and morphological settings.While earthquake frequency and fault activations are major objectives of such studies, the Indian researchers are now equally interested in constraining the fault geometry and the nature of near-surface crustal deformation, thereby contributing to earthquake hazard evaluations. This has been driven by an ever-increasing interaction between experts from associated fields like geomorphology, neotectonics, seismology, geodesy, modeling etc. Future challenges would include integrating the paleoseismological observations with the relevant geophysical inputs to develop physical models of the earthquake cycles, ultimately leading to an inventory of the active faults. Although there are gaps and disagreements on how things operated at different spatial and temporal scales, there have been broad agreements in general. The future should focus on evolving new strategies and methodologies to integrate different datasets in a coherent manner to yield practically relevant results and models that can explain data from various spatial and temporal scales.

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“…The drainage pattern is frequently used as a proxy to determine landscape evolution in tectonically active regions (Goldsworthy & Jackson, ). Similarly, the geomorphic set‐up and behavior of rivers in the Himalayan region are also controlled by the tectonic movements along major and subsidiary thrusts/faults (Joshi & Kotlia, ; Kothyari, ; Kothyari & Luirei, ; Kothyari, Rastogi, Morthekai, & Dumka, , , Kothyari, Kandregula, & Luirei, , Kothyari, Shukla, & Juyal, ; Kotlia et al, , , ; Valdiya, , , ; Valdiya & Kotlia, ). There is agreement that the geomorphic modification in the Himalayan thrust belts is regulated by external forces, such as tectonic uplift, weathering, accelerated erosion of the fragile rock types, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

et al. 2020

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This paper focuses on the analysis of geomorphic landform development, particularly between the Trans Himadri Fault and the Main Central Thrust including Berinag Thrust and other major NNE–SSW and NW–SE striking faults/thrusts in the Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya. Digital analysis of remote sensing data, field investigations including drainage analysis, and development of landforms have been carried out to understand the morphotectonic evolution and, thereby, the neotectonics in this region. A number of morphometric indices [(stream length‐gradient index (SL), steepness index (ks), Chi (χ)] were computed together with knick point analysis. Offsetting of the major river and tributaries was observed along a NNW–SSE direction. Other tectonic landforms, including truncated saddles and disturbed terrace patterns, show that the area is presently undergoing active deformation. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrusts provides evidence for aggradation of recent fluvial activity. Developments of various neotectonic features, such as starth terraces, off‐streams, truncated saddles, disrupted terraces, and palaeolake deposits, are evidences for recent tectonic activities associated with the major thrusts/faults. Cut‐and‐fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris‐flow terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley that provide signatures of past climatic records. Our study reveals that the fluvially modified debris‐flow terraces were formed between 5 and 20 ka. We infer that the major phase of valley‐fill happened between 5 and 12 ka, whereas the youngest phase of aggradation may have responded to the Holocene tectonic activity that took place around 5–6 ka. The study is significant to understand the recent geomorphic development and tectonic deformation in the study area and may be helpful for future infrastructural development in the region.

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Morphotectonic records of neotectonic activity in the vicinity of North Almora Thrust Zone, Central Kumaun Himalaya

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

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