Morphotaxonomy of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand

Tangkawanit, Ubon; Kuvangkadilok, Chaliow; Baimai, Visut; Adler, Peter H.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2048.1.2

Cited by 18 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The eastern and southern regions formed a sister group pair to the exclusion of the northern region sample in both AMP and COIMP. Chromosomally, they are cytoform B whereas northern S. tani has cytoforms C, G or H (Pramual et al 2005;Tangkawanit et al 2009). However, population level analyses (Pramual et al 2005) suggest that eastern and southern region S. tani are each more closely related to northern region S. tani than to each other.…”

Section: Relationships Within Subgeneramentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic relationships among the black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand based on multiple gene sequences

et al. 2010

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Simulium is a very speciose genus of the black fly family Simuliidae that includes many important pests of humans and animals. Cytotaxonomic and morphological studies have made substantial progress in Simulium systematics. 16S rRNA and ITS-1 DNA sequence studies have assisted this progress. Intensive multi-gene molecular systematic investigations will, however, be required for a comprehensive understanding of the genus' taxonomy and evolution. Our research was conducted to investigate the relationships of Thai Simulium at the subgeneric, species group and species levels. We also examined the possibility of using mitochondrial DNA sequences to facilitate Simulium species identification. Data were collected from three mitochondrial genes (COI, ND4 and 16S rRNA) and two segments of the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (the D1 to D2 and the D4 expansion regions). The subgenera Simulium and Gomphostilbia were monophyletic in most analyses. Nevermannia included Montisimulium but was otherwise monophyletic in multigene analyses. In most analyses, Simulium and Nevermannia were more closely related to each other than to Gomphostilbia which was usually basal. Species groups were generally monophyletic. Within Gomphostilbia, however, the batoense species group was always paraphyletic to the other two species groups found in Thailand. Three species groups in Simulium were not monophyletic. The tendency to gill filament number reduction for some species groups in the subgenus Simulium was associated with a derived position in multigene analyses. Most species were monophyletic with two exceptions that probably represent species complexes and will present difficulties for rapid mitochondrial DNA identification.

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Section: Relationships Within Subgeneramentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic relationships among the black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand based on multiple gene sequences

et al. 2010

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“…However, a rapid growth in taxonomic knowledge of black fly, both morphological (e.g. Takaoka & Choochote, 2004) and cytological in Thailand (Phasuk et al, 2005;Kuvangkadilok et al, 2008;Tangkawanit et al, 2009), now allows us to gain an insight into black fly ecology in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural land use and black fly (Diptera, Simuliidae) species richness and species assemblages in tropical streams, Northeastern Thailand

Pramual

Kuvangkadilok

2009

Hydrobiologia

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Habitat degradation through agricultural land use is the major factor threatening lotic ecosystems. Although black flies are major components of these ecosystems, the impact of agricultural land use on species diversity and species assemblages has been largely ignored in tropical streams of the Oriental region. The objectives of this study are to examine patterns of species distribution and species richness and to compare black fly species richness and species assemblages in forest and agricultural streams in Thailand. A total of 143 collections were made from 70 stream sites between June 2007 and May 2008. Whereas 19 black fly species found in these collections were all found in forest sites, only 13 species were found in agricultural sites. High species richness was associated with larger, faster, and cooler streams with larger streambed particles and the presence of riparian trees. Logistic regression analyses revealed that stream size, velocity, and riparian vegetation are among the most important factors determining patterns of spatial distribution. The results are largely consistent with studies in other zoogeographic regions, suggesting the existence of general rules for black fly species distributions. Comparisons of the physicochemical conditions between forest and agricultural streams indicated that streams in agricultural areas are warmer, with higher conductivity and fewer riparian trees. Species richness was significantly higher in forest than in agricultural streams (t = 3.61, P \ 0.001). Streams in forest areas were predominantly occupied by S. siamense (73%) but other species were also found at a relatively high frequency ([20%) of the sampling sites. In contrast, streams in agricultural areas were predominantly occupied by S. aureohirtum ([80%) among the sole black fly species at 27% of the sites. The results indicate that agricultural land use has a significantly detrimental impact on black fly diversity and species assemblages.

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“…This species group is geographically widespread, being recorded from Nearctic, Palearctic, and Oriental realms (Adler and Crosskey 2013). In Thailand, seven morphological species, namely, Simulium doipuiense Takaoka and Choochote, 2005; Simulium manooni Takaoka and Choochote, 2005;Simulium rufibasis Brunetti, 1911; Simulium setsukoae Takaoka & Choochote, 2004; Simulium tani Takaoka & Davies, 1995;Simulium weji Takaoka, 2001; and Simulium yuphae Takaoka and Choochote, 2005, have been described (Tangkawanit et al 2009b). Extensive cytological examination revealed that two morphological species, S. doipuiense and S. tani, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species relationships of the members of the S. tuberosum group in Thailand have been inferred from chromosome inversions (Tangkawanit et al 2009a) and from morphological characters (Tangkawanit et al 2009b). Both cytology and morphology revealed similar dendrograms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both cytology and morphology revealed similar dendrograms. Simulium tani is the most divergent from the other species, and S. rufibasis and S. doipuiense are the most closely related taxa among the members of the S. tuberosum group in Thailand (Tangkawanit et al 2009a(Tangkawanit et al , 2009b. Although morphology and cytology provide significant insight into the biodiversity and systematics of S. tuberosum in Thailand, several studies have revealed that integrating molecular genetic data could uncover hidden diversity that cannot be detected at the morphological and cytological levels (e.g., Pramual et al 2011b;Pramual and Nanork 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular phylogeny of black flies in theSimulium tuberosum(Diptera: Simuliidae) species group in Thailand

Sriphirom

Sopaladawan

Wongpakam

et al. 2014

Genome

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Black flies are medically and ecologically significant insects. They are also interesting from an evolutionary standpoint regarding the role of chromosomal change and ecological adaptation. In this study, molecular genetic markers based on multiple gene sequences were used to assess genetic diversity and to infer phylogenetic relationships for a group of cytologically highly diverse black flies of the Simulium tuberosum species group in Thailand. Ecological affinities of the species were also investigated. High levels of genetic diversity were found in cytological species complexes, S. tani and S. doipuiense, and also in S. rufibasis, which was cytologically nearly monomorphic. The results highlight the necessity of integrating multilevel markers for fully understanding black fly biodiversity. Phylogenetic relationships based on multiple gene sequences were consistent with an existing dendrogram inferred from cytological and morphological data. Simulium tani is the most distinctive taxa among the members of the S. tubersosum species group in Thailand based on its divergent morphological characters. Molecular data supported the monophyletic status of S. tani, S. weji, and S. yuphae, but S. doipuiense and S. rufibasis were polyphyletic, most likely due to incomplete lineage sorting and inadequate phylogenetic signals. Ecological analyses revealed that members of the S. tuberosum species group have clearly different ecological niches. The results thus supported previous views of the importance of ecology in black fly evolution.

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Morphotaxonomy of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Phylogenetic relationships among the black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand based on multiple gene sequences

Phylogenetic relationships among the black fly species (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Thailand based on multiple gene sequences

Agricultural land use and black fly (Diptera, Simuliidae) species richness and species assemblages in tropical streams, Northeastern Thailand

Molecular phylogeny of black flies in theSimulium tuberosum(Diptera: Simuliidae) species group in Thailand

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