Morphopathogenesis of Adult Acquired Cholesteatoma

Dambergs, Kristaps; Sumeraga, Gunta; Pilmane, Māra

doi:10.3390/medicina59020306

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It is accepted to transform percentages into “+” values and numbers for statistical purposes. The semi-quantitative method and scoring system levels used in this research are well established and were widely used in previous morphological studies for several decades [ 26 , 27 ], and are still used and accepted in recent publications [ 28 , 29 ]. The appearance of positive structures was recorded using a semi-quantitative method where: 0—no positive structures in the visual field; 0/+—occasional positive structures in the visual field; +—few positive structures; ++—a moderate number of positive structures; +++—numerous positive structures; ++++—abundant positive structures in the visual field [ 20 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Defense Proteins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

2023

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Background and Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) presently remains a difficult disease to manage. Antimicrobial and defense proteins are important factors that could help characterize the role of microorganisms in CRSwNP pathogenesis, as the concept of microbial dysbiosis in CRS is still being considered. Our aim is to investigate the complex appearance, relative distribution and interlinks of human β defensin 2 (HBD-2), human β defensin 3 (HBD-3), human β defensin 4 (HBD-4), and cathelicidin LL 37 (LL 37) in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)-affected human nasal mucosa. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 48 samples from patients with CRSwNP. Samples were collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The control group consisted of 17 normal healthy nasal mucosa samples gathered during routine septoplasty. β-defensin-2, β-defensin-3, β-defensin-4 and cathelicidin LL 37 in tissue were detected via immunohistochemical analysis. Results: HBD-2, HBD-3 and LL 37 were significantly decreased in epithelial cells in both primary and recurrent nasal polyp samples (p < 0.001) in comparison to control samples. HBD-2 was decreased in the subepithelial connective tissue of primary nasal polyp samples when compared to both recurrent polyp (p = 0.050) and control (p = 0.033) samples. In subepithelial connective tissue, significantly more HBD-3-positive structures were observed in primary nasal polyp samples (p = 0.049) than in control samples. In primary polyp samples, moderate correlations between connective tissue HBD-3 and connective (R = 0.584, p = 0.001) and epithelial tissue LL 37 (R = 0.556, p = 0.002) were observed. Conclusions: Decreased HBD-2, HBD-3 and LL 37 concentrations in the epithelium suggest a dysfunction of the epithelial barrier in patients with nasal polyps. Decreased subepithelial connective tissue HBD-2 suggests different responses to nasal microbiota in patients with primary nasal polyps compared to recurrent nasal polyps. Increased HBD-3 in subepithelial connective tissue suggests a possible role of this antimicrobial peptide in the pathogenesis of primary nasal polyps.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial and Defense Proteins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

2023

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“…However, there are limited data on its role in human cholesteatoma. Our previous studies suggest that HβD-4 is less expressed in human cholesteatoma than HβD-2 [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is scarce information about the role of SHH in cholesteatoma development. Our previous studies showed up-regulation of the SHH gene protein in pediatric and adult cholesteatoma cases compared with control skin [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Tissue Factors in the Ontogenetic Aspects of Human Cholesteatoma

Dambergs,

Sumeraga,

Pilmane

2024

Diagnostics

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Background: An acquired cholesteatoma is a benign but locally aggressive lesion in the middle ear. It is characterized by chronic inflammation and the destruction of surrounding bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare defensins HβD-2 and HβD-4; pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-10; proliferation marker Ki-67; transcription factor NF-κβ; angiogenetic factor VEGF; Sonic hedgehog gene protein SHH; and remodeling factors MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4 in adult and pediatric cholesteatoma tissue, and to compare these groups with control skin tissue. Methods: The study included 25 cholesteatoma tissue material samples from children, 25 from adults, and 7 deep external ear canal skin samples from cadavers. The tissues were stained immunohistochemically and evaluated using semi-quantitative methods. Nonparametric tests, such as the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman rank correlation, were used. Results: There were no statistically discernible differences between the adult and children groups when comparing the relative numbers of factor-positive cells. Conclusions: There are no histopathological differences between adult and children cholesteatoma tissues.

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“…The pathogenesis of cholesteatoma has not been fully understood. Scholars have been studying different molecular changes in recent years, including variation, [ 2 ] apoptosis, inflammation, infection, [ 3 ] osteolysis, lipid metabolism, and neovascularization. People discovered that the significance of numerous proteolytic enzymes should not be overlooked while investigating the damage mechanism of cholesteatoma to surrounding tissues, with MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) becoming a research hotspot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of MMP-14 and its role in bone destruction in middle ear cholesteatoma: A prospective observational study

Lei,

An,

Ren

et al. 2023

Medicine

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Cholesteatoma is a noncancerous cystic lesion caused by an abnormal growth of keratinizing squamous epithelium which is invasive and capable of destroying structures. A prospective study on the expression of membrane type1-matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-14) and its related influencing factors in middle ear cholesteatoma was conducted to fully understand the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma in the molecular level. We examined the expression of MMP-14 by immunohistochemical staining 39 middle ear cholesteatoma specimens and 10 external auditory meatus epithelial cell specimens. The cholesteatoma specimens were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of destruction of the ossicles during surgery. The associated factors affecting MMP-14 expression were analyzed using statistical methods; The positive expression of MMP-14 in the epithelium of the external auditory canal was significantly different between middle ear cholesteatoma and normal patients (P < .05); Gender, age, and the degree of hearing loss had no statistically significant effect on MMP-14 expression (P > .05); The expression of MMP-14 was positively correlated with the severity of bone destruction (R = 0.535, P < .05); MMP-14 plays an important role in the pathological development of the epithelium of cholesteatoma; MMP-14 expression in middle ear cholesteatoma tissue was not strongly correlated with the level of hearing loss, age or gender, but was positively correlated with the degree of middle ear bone destruction.

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Morphopathogenesis of Adult Acquired Cholesteatoma

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Antimicrobial and Defense Proteins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Antimicrobial and Defense Proteins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

Comparison of Tissue Factors in the Ontogenetic Aspects of Human Cholesteatoma

Expression of MMP-14 and its role in bone destruction in middle ear cholesteatoma: A prospective observational study

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