Morphometry of stallion spermatozoa by computer-assisted image analysis

Ball, Barry A.; Mohammed, H.O.

doi:10.1016/0093-691x(95)00191-a

Cited by 61 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is compared favorably with the reported range of 100-350 x 106/ ml [32]. Higher values have been recorded in Arab stallions ranging from 293.84 to 499.50 x106/ ml [26,30,33] and a low value of 151.00 x 106/ ml has been found in Arabians [27]. In thoroughbred stallions, average sperm cell concentration ranged from 110.00 to 164.13 [34,35], from 200.00 to 282.00 x 106/ ml [36,37], and from 348.00 to 388.00 x 106/ ml [38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Effect of Extenders and Insemination Protocol on the Fertilizing Capacity of Cryopreserved Arabian Horse Semen

Waheed¹,

Al-Khaldi²,

Pratap³

2016

SOJVS

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SOJ Veterinary SciencesOpen Access Research Article modifications have been proposed for the freezing process [6]. It has been estimated that only 30-40% of stallions produce semen suitable for cryopreservation [7]. Moreover, consistent variation of sperm freezability has been observed from breed to breed [8,9]. At present, there is no standard protocol for stallion semen cryopreservation able to achieve consistent and acceptable post thaw sperm fertilizing capacity with every ejaculate [10]. That lack of standard can be attributed to many factors, including damage to the sperm membrane that may occur during the process of freezing or thawing [11]. In addition, the cryopreservation extender has an important influence on post thaw sperm quality [11].Many diluents have been used in different animal species, with good results in post thaw sperm motility, but they have not been used with the semen of Arabian horses. Several diluents have been used in stallion semen, with good results such as Kenney's diluent, cream-gel, skim milk diluent, glycine egg yolk, sugar-based extender and INRA 96 extender [12,13]. The use of Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), which facilitates objective measurement of several parameters of sperm motility, offers a more reliable and repeatable means of assessing sperm motility than does examination by eye [14]. The CASA system is therefore able to determine a series of variables, including number of moving spermatozoa, Curvilinear Velocity (VCL), Linear Velocity (VSL), Linear Coefficient (LIN), straightness coefficient (STR) and frequency of head displacement (BCF) [15].Success with frozen semen requires attention to detail and a basic understanding of the techniques involved in the proper handling, thawing, and insemination of frozen semen [7]. Frozen stallion semen is now used more extensively by minimizing freeze thaw damage to spermatozoa, and indeed, more stallions might be used and pregnancy rates might be increased. Many steps constitute interactive participation in the success of the cryopreservation process, including semen collection, dilution, cooling, freezing, and thawing [12]. AbstractForty-eight ejaculates were obtained from four Arabian stallions to study the impact of three extenders (INRA Freeze, TRIS-egg yolk and E-Z Mixin) on the fertilizing capacity of cryopreserved stallions' semen. Ejaculates were cryopreserved in 0.5-ml plastic straws with a dilution rate of 1:1 and 1:2. Frozen straws were thawed at either 37°C for 30 sec or 70°C for 7sec and used for AI of eighty Arabian mares via different protocols. Results revealed that percentages of motility; live sperm; and abnormalities were significantly (P < 0.01) better in the E-Z Mixin at 5°C with dilution rates 1:1 and 1:2. Motility characteristics such as path velocity (VAP, μm/s), straightline velocity (VSL,μm/s), Point-to-Point Velocity (VCL, μm/s) and lateral head displacement (ALH, μm) were significantly (P < 0.01) the best by using E-Z Mixin at rates of dilution 1:1 and 1:2. Conception rate was significantly (...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Similar values of ejaculate volumes ranging from 45 to 70 ml were recorded by several authors in Arabians [26,27], and in thoroughbred and quarter horses [28,29]. The percentage of progressive motility in Arabian horses was 54.79 ± 2.32%, which is lower than the percentage (≤60) found in Arabian [26,30] and thoroughbred stallions [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effect of Extenders and Insemination Protocol on the Fertilizing Capacity of Cryopreserved Arabian Horse Semen

Waheed¹,

Al-Khaldi²,

Pratap³

2016

SOJVS

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“…Therefore, our values were similar to or different from those in some previous studies [1,7,8,12,14]. The aspect ratios reported in the previous data were, however, independent of the staining method [1,6,7,14]. However the aspect ratio in our study was lower than in previous reports.…”

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confidence: 57%

“…Previous studies have reported that the values depend on the staining method [4,5,15,22]. Therefore, our values were similar to or different from those in some previous studies [1,7,8,12,14]. The aspect ratios reported in the previous data were, however, independent of the staining method [1,6,7,14].…”

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confidence: 52%

Spermatozoa Morphology during the Breeding Season in Thoroughbred Stallions in Japan

Koyago

Nakada

Tsunoda

et al. 2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The morphology of spermatozoa of modern Thoroughbred stallions in Japan was investigated during the breeding season. A total of 299 semen samples were collected from the penises of 16 stallions immediately after service. The rate of abnormalities in sperm heads and tails, spermatozoa with cytoplasmic droplets and slides with medusa cells to total observed slides in each stallion were 3.9 ± 2.1%, 11.5 ± 5.9%, 2.4 ± 2.6% and 20.1%, respectively. The values for the area, length, width and aspect ratio of the stallion sperm head were 12.54 ± The breeding stallion for Thoroughbred racehorses is prized for the chance of siring future champions. The number and quality of his prodigy depend, however, on the quality of his spermatozoa. Morphological features of the spermatozoa provide useful criterion for assessing the quality of semen and clinical value for informing veterinary decisions [6]. Jasko et al. reported that the rate of spermatozoa with normal morphology correlates positively with the rate of fertility [16]. Wide variation in the size and shape of spermatozoa occurs in virtually all mammalian species, however, and an abundance of abnormalities can be found. The sperm head has been reported to be larger in semen taken from subfertile stallions than in that from fertile stallions [6,14]. The converse has also been reported [17], and variations in size of the sperm head have been attributed to the staining methods of the studies [4,5,15,22]. The staining method has also influenced the ratio of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa to the total sperm count [18,21]. These problems remain unsolved.For a popular stallion, the number of services may exceed 200 in a single breeding season. A previous study showed in Thoroughbreds engaged in five services every hour that, in spite of decreases in volume, number or concentration of spermatozoa, sperm viability was not different in the ejaculation repeats [23].The morphology of the spermatozoa has not been investigated in Thoroughbred stallions during the breeding season in Japan. We hypothesized that if the ejaculated semen could be examined from time to time throughout the breeding season, the semen would exhibit morphological differences and allow clarification of abnormalities in the spermatozoa produced during that critical period in the work of the stallions. Morphological data on semen ejaculated throughout the breeding season would provide a reference index for judging the normal morphology of spermatozoa to estimate reproductive activity at copulation. To clarify the morphology of spermatozoa from Thoroughbred stallions servicing a large number of mares during the breeding season, in the present study we examined spermatozoa collected from the semen remaining in the urethra of the penis immediately after the stallion dismounted from servicing since sperm head measurements from dismount semen are representative of those of the ejaculate [13].The study was comprised 16 Thoroughbred stallions in Hokkaido within age range of 4 to 15 (mean ± SD, 8.9 ± 3.2) y...

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“…probability for a pixel to have a gray-level less than h w 1 probability for a pixel to have a gray-level greater than h x g x-coordinate of object centroid y g y-coordinate of object centroid a direction l step length for fractal dimension calculation l em , l ex emission and excitation wavelengths l min , l max minimal and maximal eigenvalues of the inertia matrix w i number of erosions W 2 reduced size of the largest concavity m gray-level probability function f histogram entropy S XY inertia matrix…”

Section: List Of Symbols and Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Quantification by Image Analysis

Pons

Vivier

1999

Bioanalysis and Biosensors for Bioprocess Monitoring

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Microbiologists have always rely on microscopy to examine microorganisms. When microscopy, either optical or electron-based, is coupled to quantitative image analysis, the spectrum of potential applications is widened: counting, sizing, shape characterization, physiology assessment, analysis of visual texture, motility studies are now easily available for obtaining information on biomass. In this chapter the main tools used for cell visualization as well as the basic steps of image treatment are presented. General shape descriptors can be used to characterize the cell morphology, but special descriptors have been defined for filamentous microorganisms. Physiology assessment is often based on the use of fluorescent dyes. The quantitative analysis of visual texture is still limited in bioengineering but the characterization of the surface of microbial colonies may open new prospects, especially for cultures on solid substrates. In many occasions, the number of parameters extracted from images is so large that data-mining tools, such as Principal Components Analysis, are useful for summarizing the key pieces of information.

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Morphometry of stallion spermatozoa by computer-assisted image analysis

Cited by 61 publications

References 17 publications

Effect of Extenders and Insemination Protocol on the Fertilizing Capacity of Cryopreserved Arabian Horse Semen

Effect of Extenders and Insemination Protocol on the Fertilizing Capacity of Cryopreserved Arabian Horse Semen

Spermatozoa Morphology during the Breeding Season in Thoroughbred Stallions in Japan

Biomass Quantification by Image Analysis

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