Morphometrics and molecular analysis of<i>Ozolaimus linstowi</i>n. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the green lizard<i>Iguana iguana</i>

Malysheva, Svetlana V.

doi:10.1017/s0022149x15000061

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The next highest matches were from Rhigonema ingens and species of the genus Heth which are parasites of arthropods [ 38 , 39 ]. The fifth match was from the nematode parasite Pseudonymus islamabadi documented from the lizard, Iguana iguana [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel copro-diagnostic molecular method for qualitative detection and identification of parasitic nematodes in amphibians and reptiles

et al. 2017

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Anthropogenic disturbance via resource acquisition, habitat fragmentation and climate change, amongst other factors, has led to catastrophic global biodiversity losses and species extinctions at an accelerating rate. Amphibians are currently one of the worst affected classes with at least a third of species categorised as being threatened with extinction. At the same time, they are also critically important for many habitats and provide man with a powerful proxy for ecosystem health by acting as a bioindicator group. Whilst the causes of synchronised amphibian losses are varied recent research has begun to highlight a growing role that macroparasites are playing in amphibian declines. However, diagnosing parasite infection in the field can be problematic, principally relying on collection and euthanasia of hosts, followed by necropsy and morphological identification of parasites in situ. The current study developed a non-invasive PCR-based methodology for sensitive detection and identification of parasitic nematode DNA released in the faeces of infected amphibians as egg or tissue fragments (environmental DNA). A DNA extraction protocol optimised for liberation of DNA from resilient parasite eggs was developed alongside the design of a novel, nematode universal, degenerate primer pair, thus avoiding the difficulties of using species specific primers in situations where common parasite species are unknown. Used in conjunction this protocol and primer pair was tested on a wide range of faecal samples from captive and wild amphibians. The primers and protocol were validated and detected infections, including a Railletnema nematode infection in poison dart frogs from ZSL London Zoo and Mantella cowani frogs in the wild. Furthermore, we demonstrate the efficacy of our PCR-based protocol for detecting nematode infection in other hosts, such as the presence of pinworm (Aspiculuris) in two tortoise species and whipworm (Trichuris muris) in mice. Our environmental DNA approach mitigates problems associated with microscopic identification and can be applied to detect nematode parasitoses in wild and captive hosts for infection surveillance and maintenance of healthy populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…floweri , was from the pinworm species Aspiculuris tetraptera which infects laboratory mice, alongside other vertebrates [ 41 , 42 ]. The next match, Ozolaimus linstowi is known to be a parasite of lizards [ 40 ]. The top nematode sequence match for the amphibian host D .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel copro-diagnostic molecular method for qualitative detection and identification of parasitic nematodes in amphibians and reptiles

et al. 2017

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“…Even though some studies deal with numerous sequences of the same gene from a single species [ 9 – 11 , 21 , 22 ], few species belonging to few genera of Pharyngodonidae have been genetically characterized (i.e. 5 genera out of 24) [ 9 , 10 , 20 – 23 ]. Furthermore, some available sequences (mainly those that have been not published in previous papers) are seemingly incorrect, e.g., the 28S sequences of P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative approach on Pharyngodonidae (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea) parasitic in reptiles: Relationship among its genera, importance of their diagnostic features, and new data on Parapharyngodon bainae

2018

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The first integrative approach using sequences of two genes (18S and 28S rRNA) plus morphological and life history traits, was explored in Pharyngodonidae nematodes parasitic in reptiles. Additionally, first genetic characterization of Parapharyngodon bainae and new data on its morphology are given. This approach evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among genera within Pharyngodonidae, as well as the importance of their diagnostic morphological features. Specimens of P. bainae were collected from faecal pellets of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Nematodes were fixed for scanning electron microscopy and molecular procedures. Morphological observations revealed the accurate structures of cephalic end, of cloacal region in males, of vulva and eggs. Phylogenetic reconstructions were based upon four datasets: aligned sequences of the 18S, of the 28S, of both concatenated genes and of combined morphological and molecular datasets. Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood were performed to infer the phylogenies of molecular datasets and maximum parsimony to infer that of all-combined data. Pharyngodonid parasites of reptiles seem to configure two general monophyletic lineages, as previously assertions. Results also showed the monophyly of Spauligodon, Skrjabinodon and Parapharyngodon, as well as the clear separation between the latter and Thelandros. Combination of datasets improved nodal supports. Analysis of the all-combined datasets revealed the importance of vulval position and egg morphology as phylogenetic informative traits. However, characters of male caudal morphology appear as are highly homoplastic, and seem to be product of convergent evolution or multiple losses of ancestral traits. The closely-related Thelandros and Parapharyngodon are kept valid and their diagnosis should be based upon the position of the operculum in eggs (terminal or subterminal, respectively). Some inconsistencies in the scarce molecular and morphological databases were noted. Thus, new genetic data is required for further conclusions and current database must be evaluated with attention.

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First record of Ozolaimus cirratus (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) infecting casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi (Anura: Hylidae) from Northeastern Brazil

SILVA,

MORAIS,

CASCON

2023

Preprint

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The Ozolaimus genus is characterized by presenting a dorsoventrally elongated mouth, with two lateral lips, a long esophagus, consisting of a strong anterior portion, a short with a fusiform fold, and a thin posterior portion ending in a distinct bulb, anteriorly dilated intestine, and absent lateral wings. Between February 2014 and September 2016, eleven specimens of the anuran Corythomantis greeningi were collected manually in the Ecological Station of Aiuaba, Ceará State, Brazil. After analyses, nine specimens of Ozolaimus cirratus infecting the large intestine of the referred specimen were recorded. Knowledge is still scarce about the ecological dynamics of pharyngodonid parasites and their parasite-host relationships, thus this work is the first to record of Ozolaimus genus infecting the casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi from Caatinga biome, Ceará State, Brazil. Priviously, the only registered hosts of Ozalaimus parasites were iguanid lizards.

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Morphometrics and molecular analysis ofOzolaimus linstowin. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the green lizardIguana iguana

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

A novel copro-diagnostic molecular method for qualitative detection and identification of parasitic nematodes in amphibians and reptiles

A novel copro-diagnostic molecular method for qualitative detection and identification of parasitic nematodes in amphibians and reptiles

Integrative approach on Pharyngodonidae (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea) parasitic in reptiles: Relationship among its genera, importance of their diagnostic features, and new data on Parapharyngodon bainae

First record of Ozolaimus cirratus (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) infecting casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi (Anura: Hylidae) from Northeastern Brazil

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