Morphometric study of the nerves entering into the coracobrachialis muscle

Öztürk, Adnan; Bayraktar, Bülent; Taskara, Nurcan; Kale, Ayşin; Kutlu, Cigdem; Çeçen, Ayçiçek

doi:10.1007/s00276-005-0326-7

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Different courses and relations of the MCN within coracobrachialis have been reported. Ozturk et al (2005) observed that the MCN entered coracobrachialis in all 42 upper limbs they studied, whereas Eglseder and Goldman (1997) and Pacha Vicente et al (2005) reported that the MCN did not pierce coracobrachialis in 29.6% and 6.5% of the specimens, respectively. Macchi et al (2007) also noted large variability in the point of entry of the MCN, which was associated with a low variation in the exit point from coracobrachialis and that the latter was positively correlated to the length of the muscle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Helfet (1958) recognized the clinical significance of a high entry of the MCN into coracobrachialis. Subsequently, several investigators have suggested that the entry point of the MCN into coracobrachialis is clinically important, with a correlation between high entry points and frequency of nerve injuries being reported (Flatow et al, 1989;Ozturk et al, 2005;Macchi et al, 2007). Some studies have reported cases in which the MCN does not pierce cor-acobrachialis, in which case a direct branch from lateral cord of the brachial plexus was observed to supply the muscle (Eglseder and Goldman, 1997;Venieratos and Anagnostopoulou, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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The course and variations of the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses

et al. 2008

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The course and branches of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) were dissected in 140 human fetal arms. The MCN entered the superior, middle, and inferior part of coracobrachialis in 43%, 37%, and 17% of arms, respectively, and the remaining 3% did not pierce coracobrachialis. The motor branches to biceps were classified as follows: Type 1 (83.6%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply the two heads of biceps; Type 2 (14.3%): two separate branches each innervating one head of biceps; Type 3 (2.1%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply each head of biceps plus an additional branch that innervated the distal part of biceps. The motor branches to brachialis were classified as follows: Type 1 (93.6%): a single branch to brachialis; Type 2 (6.4%): a single branch that bifurcated into two branches both supplying brachialis. Communications between the MCN and the median nerve (MN) were observed in 10% of specimens, of which three types (A, B, C) could be identified depending on their origin and union. In the most frequently observed type (B, 50% of cases) the communicating branch arose from the proximal part of the MCN and joined the MN in the middle or distal part of arm. The data presented here will be of use to surgeons, especially pediatric surgeons who undertake surgical procedures in the axilla and arm. Clin. Anat. 22:337-345, 2009. V V C 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The course and variations of the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses

et al. 2008

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“…The studies and the reported percentages of the specimens, which the MCN did not pierce coracobrachialis, are as follows: Eglseder and Goldman (1997) 29.6%, Choi et al (2002) Ozturk et al (2005) reported that in all 42 extremities, the MCN had no variations, originated from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus and entered the coracobrachialis. Uysal et al (2009) reported that the MCN entered the superior part of coracobrachialis in 43% of specimens, the middle part in 37%, and the inferior part in 17%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Kerr (1918) reported that these branches arose from the MCN in 54 out of the 109 plexuses. Ozturk et al (2005) found these branches from MCN to the coracobrachialis in all 42 extremities. MCN has been studied in several studies, but in most of them, these branches have not been mentioned.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Patterns of motor branching of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses and clinical significance

2011

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The purpose of this morphologic study is to investigate the course and the branching pattern of motor branches of musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) in human fetuses. Twenty upper limbs (10 right, 10 left) of spontaneously aborted formalin-fixed fetuses were dissected under a stereomicroscope to determine motor branches for the biceps brachii and brachialis and the communicating branches between the MCN and median nerve (MN). The MCN entered the proximal and middle part of coracobrachialis in 13/20 and 5/20 of arms, respectively, and the remaining 2/20 did not pierce coracobrachialis. The communication between MCN and MN was observed in 5/20 of the arms and detected only in the distal part of the coracobrachialis. The most frequently observed innervation is the type wherein a single branch to biceps brachii, which bifurcated for supplying the short and long heads (12/20). For the innervation of brachialis, the most frequent type was a single branch from the main trunk of the MCN (15/20). During the dissections, the distance between the acromion and the emerging point of the motor branches was measured. The mean distance between the acromion and the emerging point of the all motor branches for biceps brachii in all types of specimens was 33.8 ± 6.1% of acromion-lateral epicondyle length and for brachialis was 50.6 ± 11.5% of acromion-lateral epicondyle length. The data of the MCN variations in the human fetus may be useful for the clinicians and pediatric surgery.

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“…Although there are several reports on variations in the origin and distribution of the nerve the spinal root composition of the nerve itself has not been thoroughly investigated in past literature (4,5,9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve: an anatomical study

Demirçay

Müslüman²,

Cansever³

et al. 2014

Turkish Neurosurgery

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AIm: This study was aimed to investigate the variations in the spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve and to confirm which spinal nerve root is the main ingredient in participating amount. mATERIAl and mEThods: A total of 20 fresh cadavers were dissected. Brachial plexus and its branches were extracted. Musculocutaneous nerve stump was traced back to the roots to identify its fascicular origin. The number of fascicles originating from a particular nerve root and their axial location with in the nerve were noted. REsulTs:The most frequent type of spinal nerve compositions of musculocutaneous nerve was C5, C6, and C7 with incidence of 60%. Musculocutaneous nerve had bundles from C5 root in all specimens, 90% of the specimens had contribution from C6 and only 70% of them had bundles from C7 root. There were a total of 46 (37.7%) bundles in C5 fascicles, 48 (39.3%) bundles in C6 fascicles, and 28 (22.9%) bundles in C7 fascicles. CoNClusIoNs:In electrophysiological studies it should be remembered that C7 or C6 lesions may not impair musculocutaneous nerve functions. The success of musculocutaneous nerve neurotization may be improved if care is taken to ensure whether or not C7 root is contributing to the musculocutaneous nerve. KEywoRds: Musculocutaneous nerve, Cadaver, Spinal nerve roots, Neurotization ÖZAmAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı, muskülokutanöz sinirde spinal sinir kökü bileşimi varyasyonlarını araştırmak ve hangi spinal sinir kökünün katılım miktarı olarak ana bileşeni oluşturduğunu doğrulamaktır. GEREÇ ve yÖNTEm:Toplam 20 taze kadavranın diseksiyonu yapıldı. Brakiyal pleksus ve dallarının ekstraksiyonu gerçekleştirildi. Muskülokutanöz sinir kökü, fasiküler kökenini tanımlamak üzere köklerine kadar geri izlendi. Belirli bir sinir kökünden köken alan fasiküllerin sayısı ve sinir içindeki aksiyal konumları kaydedildi.BulGulAR: Muskülokutanöz sinirin spinal sinir bileşiminin en sık görülen tipi C5, C6 ve C7'ydi ve insidans %60'dı. Muskülokutanöz sinirin tüm örneklerinde C5 kökünden demetler varken, örneklerin %90'ında C6'dan ve sadece %70'inde C7 kökünden demetler vardı. C5 fasiküllerinde toplam 46 (%37,7), C6 fasiküllerinde 48 (%39,3) ve C7 fasiküllerinde 28 (%22,9) demet vardı. soNuÇ: Elektrofizyolojik çalışmalarda, C6 veya C7 lezyonlarının muskülokutanöz sinir işlevlerini bozmayabileceğine dikkat edilmelidir. Eğer C7 kökünün muskülokutanöz sinire katkıda bulunup bulunmadığını belirlemeye dikkat edilirse, muskülokutanöz sinir nörotizasyonu başarısı artabilir.

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Morphometric study of the nerves entering into the coracobrachialis muscle

Cited by 18 publications

References 7 publications

The course and variations of the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses

The course and variations of the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses

Patterns of motor branching of the musculocutaneous nerve in human fetuses and clinical significance

Spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve: an anatomical study

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