Morphometric relationships and their contribution to biomass and cannabinoid yield in hybrids of hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>)

Carlson, Craig H.; Stack, George M.; Jiang, Yu; Taşkıran, Bircan; Cala, Ali R.; Toth, Jacob A.; Philippe, Glenn; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.; Smart, Christine D.; Smart, Lawrence B.

doi:10.1101/2021.05.09.443329

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…At harvest, 5 weeks after terminal flowering, canopy architecture traits of the third plant in each plot were measured following the method described by Carlson et al (2021), including height, maximum canopy diameter (MCD), and the height at the maximum canopy diameter (MCDH). Following the measurements, the stems were cut at soil level and the total wet biomass of each plant in a plot was measured.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heights of the middle three plants of each five-plant plot were measured weekly after transplant until there was no change in height for two consecutive weeks. All plants were surveyed weekly to determine the onset of flowering following the protocol described by Carlson et al (2021), where 'terminal flowering' describes distinct clusters of pistillate flowers observed at shoot apices (Supplementary Fig. S1).…”

Section: In-season Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1 . Flowering stage rating scale for pistillate C. sativa following the descriptors of Carlson et al (2021).…”

Section: Supplementary Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant architecture is correlated with variation in cannabinoid concentration and biomass production inCannabis sativa

Stack

Carlson

Toth

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cannabis sativa is cultivated for multiple uses including the production of cannabinoids. In developing improved production systems for high-cannabinoid cultivars, scientists and cultivators must consider the optimization of complex and interacting sets of morphological, phenological, and biochemical traits, which have historically been shaped by natural and anthropogenic selection. Determining factors that modulate cannabinoid variation within and among genotypes is fundamental to developing efficient production systems and understanding the ecological significance of cannabinoids. Thirty-two high-cannabinoid hemp cultivars were characterized for traits including flowering date and shoot-tip cannabinoid concentration. Additionally, a set of plant architecture traits, as well as wet, dry, and stripped inflorescence biomass were measured at harvest. One plant per plot was partitioned post-harvest to quantify intra-plant variation in inflorescence biomass production and cannabinoid concentration. Some cultivars showed intra-plant variation in cannabinoid concentration, while many had a consistent concentration regardless of canopy position. There was both intra- and inter-cultivar variation in architecture that correlated with intra-plant distribution of inflorescence biomass, and concentration of cannabinoids sampled from various positions within a plant. These relationships among morphological and biochemical traits will inform future decisions by cultivators, regulators, and plant breeders as well as our broader understanding of intra-plant variation of specialized biochemicals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In-season Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant architecture is correlated with variation in cannabinoid concentration and biomass production inCannabis sativa

Stack

Carlson

Toth

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Conversely, selfed populations characterised by low heterozygosity can suffer from inbreeding depression (62), manifested in reduced yields compared to cross-pollinated progeny (63). Hence, a certain level of heterozygosity may be desirable.…”

Section: Hemp Genomes Display a High Degree Of Heterozygositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring phenotypic and genetic variability in hemp (Cannabis sativa)

Trubanová,

Pender,

McCabe

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Hemp (Cannabis sativaL.) is a high-value multi-purpose crop with applications ranging from the medicinal use of its secondary metabolites to carbon-sequestering building materials. To fully capitalise on the potential of hemp as a crop for more sustainable agriculture, detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterizations are required in order to inform targeted breeding programmes.Here, we present a detailed morphological and genomic analysis of 10 hemp cultivars. We found high variability in agronomically important traits such as flowering time, plant height, and biomass in most of the hemp cultivars tested. Additionally, genotyping by sequencing demonstrates that genetic differences are pervasive, both between hemp cultivars as well as between individuals of a single cultivar. The significant genetic and phenotypic variability we observe in hemp contrasts with other crops, where cultivars are often phenotypically and genetically relatively uniform. We argue that the variability of hemp is an asset for breeding and increases the potential for further improvement of the crop but is also a challenge for today’s highly automated agriculture that relies on phenotypic uniformity.Author summaryHemp (Cannabis sativaL.) stands as one of the earliest domesticated crops. This remarkable plant is a sustainable crop with high carbon sequestration capacity which can be cultivated for soil remediation. Furthermore, hemp oil and fibre are used for many applications ranging from cooking to manufacturing bioplastics, textiles, or building materials of superb characteristics, and its secondary metabolites are sought after because of their medicinal properties. However, in contrast to many modern crops, hemp exhibits extensive variability in key agricultural traits, such as plant height and flowering time. This variability presents a challenge for both farmers and processors. To unravel the fundamentals of hemp diversity we conducted a comprehensive study of phenotypic and genetic characterisation of ten diverse hemp cultivars. We present findings confirming substantial variability not only among individuals of different cultivars but also within the same cultivar. Additionally, we explore heterozygosity in the context of other hemp studies and other crops. Understanding this variability in the context of a single hemp cultivar and across multiple cultivars is paramount for breeding novel, more uniform hemp varieties which will allow us to unlock the full potential of hemp as a crop of the future.

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