Morphometric evaluation of “dysbacteriosis” in broilers

Teirlynck, Emma; Gussem, M. de; Dewulf, Jeroen; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Ducatelle, Richard; Immerseel, Filip Van

doi:10.1080/03079457.2010.543414

Cited by 104 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This bacterial activity lowers the detergent properties of bile acids in the emulsification of fat and leads to growth depression in chickens (Knarreborg et al 2002;Harrow et al 2007). Furthermore, increase in the total number of eubacteria in the less feed-efficient chickens may be a sign of bacterial overgrowth, which can lead to impaired gut health (Teirlynck et al 2011) and, hence, impaired performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Changes in the levels of specific gut bacteria have been linked to improved broiler feed efficiency. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed to five potential performance-related bacteria (Lactobacillus salivarius, L. crispatus, L. aviarius, Gallibacterium anatis and Escherichia coli) and generic eubacteria. These were used to screen broiler gut samples from four geographically diverse Australian feeding trials showing significant treatment-related differences in feed efficiency. It was our aim to validate the association of particular bacteria with broiler feed efficiency across a broad range of environmental and dietary conditions, and hence to evaluate their predictive potential for monitoring broiler performance. Across trials L. salivarius, L. crispatus, L. aviarius, E. coli and total eubacterial numbers were significantly altered by diet, environment (litter), and/or sex of birds. Furthermore, changes in the numbers of these gut bacteria were significantly linked to broiler performance. Lactobacilli and total eubacteria were significantly decreased in birds that were more feed efficient. E. coli was not consistently linked with either improved or decreased performance and these discrepancies may be due to differences at the strain level which were not detectable using our assays. G. anatis was detected only in two of the four trials and found not to be significantly linked with broiler performance. These qPCR assays have been useful in either validating or disproving previous reported findings for the association of specific gut bacteria with broiler feed efficiency. This qPCR format can be easily expanded to include other organisms and used as a quantitative screening tool in evaluating dietary additives for improved broiler production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

et al. 2013

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“…Nutritionists are constantly seeking to improve the limits of digestibility, and this has caused gut health problems related to shifts in enteric bacterial populations and bacterial overgrowth or, in other words, an excess of feed nutrients in the gut that are used by facultative pathogenic micro-organisms, such as certain Clostridium perfringens strains. Shifts in enteric populations also lead to dysbacteriosis, a hitherto undefined syndrome causing inflammatory reactions in the gut resulting in poor performance (Teirlynck et al, 2011). Genetics has also been shown to play a role in the development of the intestine, which can affect the microbiota composition (Lumpkins et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and problems in vaccination against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

et al. 2014

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Necrotic enteritis in broilers is caused by Clostridium perfringens type A strains that produce the NetB toxin. Necrotic enteritis is one of the gastrointestinal diseases in poultry that has gained worldwide importance during the last decade due to efforts to improve broiler performance. Prevention strategies include avoiding predisposing factors, such as coccidiosis, and in-feed supplementation with a variety of feed additives. However, vaccination with modified toxin or other secreted immunogenic proteins seems a logical preventive tool for protection against a toxin-producing bacterium. Formalin-inactivated crude supernatant has been used initially for vaccination. Several studies have been carried out recently to identify the most important immunogenic and protective proteins that can be used for vaccination. These include the NetB toxin, as well as a number of other proteins. There is evidence that immunization with single proteins is not protective against severe challenge and that combinations of different antigens are needed. Most published studies have used multiple dosage vaccination regimens that are not relevant for practical use in the broiler industry. Single vaccination regimens for 1-day-old chicks appear to be non-protective. This review describes the history of vaccination strategies against necrotic enteritis in broilers and gives an update on future vaccination strategies that are applicable in the field. These may include breeder hen vaccination, in ovo vaccination and live attenuated vectors to be used in feed or in drinking water

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“…Further, they stimulate gut immune functions (10,11) and prevent the colonization of the GI tract with avian-pathogenic or zoonotic bacteria via competitive exclusion and the production of bacteriocins (9,12). GI health problems related to subclinical necrotic enteritis and nonspecific small intestinal overgrowth of certain intestinal bacteria (dysbacteriosis) (13) have increased since antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as feed additives were banned in the European Union (14,15) GI health problems in broilers typically occur between the ages of 20 to 30 days and result in wet litter, nonspecific enteritis, poor weight gain, and decreased nutrient digestibility and absorption (13,16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Succession in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

Ranjitkar

Lawley

Tannock

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

111

106

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bA feeding trial was performed with broilers receiving a diet of wheat-based feed (WBF), maize-based feed (MBF), or maize-based concentrates supplemented with 15% or 30% crimped kernel maize silage (CKMS-15 or CKMS-30, respectively). The aim of the study was to investigate the bacterial community compositions of the crop, gizzard, ileum, and cecum contents in relation to the feeding strategy and age (8, 15, 22, 25, 29, or 36 days). Among the four dietary treatments, bacterial diversity was analyzed for MBF and CKMS-30 by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Since the diets had no significant influence on bacterial diversity, data were pooled for downstream analysis. With increasing age, a clear succession of bacterial communities and increased bacterial diversity were observed. Lactobacillaceae (belonging mainly to the genus Lactobacillus) represented most of the Firmicutes at all ages and in all segments of the gut except the cecum. The development of a "mature" microbiota in broilers occurred during the period from days 15 to 22. Striking increases in the relative abundances of Lactobacillus salivarius (17 to 36%) and clostridia (11 to 18%), and a concomitant decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, were found in the ileum after day 15. The concentration of deconjugated bile salts increased in association with the increased populations of L. salivarius and clostridia. Both L. salivarius and clostridia deconjugate bile acids, and increases in the abundances of these bacteria might be associated with growth reduction and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders occurring in the critical period of broiler life between days 20 and 30.

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Morphometric evaluation of “dysbacteriosis” in broilers

Cited by 104 publications

References 28 publications

Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

Progress and problems in vaccination against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

Bacterial Succession in the Broiler Gastrointestinal Tract

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