Morphometric Comparison Between Different Populations of Darkling Beetles “Pimilia nilotica (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)” In Egypt

Abstract

Insects include almost 60% of the described eukaryotic animals worldwide. However, the morphological measurements and assessment of the effects of isolation and habitat still lack many insect groups. The current study aimed to compare the morphometric measurements of dissimilar populations of darkling beetles "Pimelia nilotica" in Egypt. A variable comparison of morphometric variations was taken by a threaded micrometer for six different eco-geographical regions from Egypt fall under the Western Mediterranean Coastal Desert, Western Desert Oases, El-Faiyum Depression, the Eastern Desert, Nile Delta, and South Sinai. Twenty-one morphometric measurements were taken in the currents study. Traits best reminiscent of the excellence of populations were distinguished by cluster analysis, and also by the principal component analysis. The primary and second discriminants scores (score 1 and score 2) recorded 76.4% and 23.8%, respectively, of the full variation in samples. Multiple discriminant analysis disclosed clear morphometric differences between Western Desert, Eastern Desert, El-Faiyum Depression, and South Sinai populations. Traits clarifying the maximum of the changeability among populations were those associated with the morphological estimations.

Spatial Morphometric and Biochemical Variation within Populations of Scelosodis castaneus castaneus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Different Eco-geographical Regions in Egypt

“…The Gulf of Suez, with its shallow profile appears to have remained an open basin throughout much of the Pleistocene, and until around 14,000-15,000 years ago, when sea levels surged over 50 meters, linking the Sinai Peninsula to the Eastern Desert After that, the Gulf of Suez was reduced in size during drier Pleistocene period. The Sinai Peninsula was easily accessible from the Eastern Desert, resulting in the two areas forming a single, mostly continuous desert zone (Riad, 2019;Riad and Mahmoud 2020). That all explained the differentiation of studied populations throughout different eco-geographical regions in the current study.…”

“…In Egypt, the majority of insect groups had their morphological characteristics evaluated and the consequences of different nesting spaces examined, but the Coleoptera, the group of insects with the greatest number of species, had neither of these studies (Riad, 2019;Riad and Mahmoud, 2020). Tenebrionidae is probably the biggest group of requested Coleoptera in the desert habitat, with over 20.000 known species and nearly 2307 genera of overall conveyance (Booth et al, 1990;Löbl and Smetana, 2008;Riad and Mahmoud, 2020).…”

“…In Egypt, the majority of insect groups had their morphological characteristics evaluated and the consequences of different nesting spaces examined, but the Coleoptera, the group of insects with the greatest number of species, had neither of these studies (Riad, 2019;Riad and Mahmoud, 2020). Tenebrionidae is probably the biggest group of requested Coleoptera in the desert habitat, with over 20.000 known species and nearly 2307 genera of overall conveyance (Booth et al, 1990;Löbl and Smetana, 2008;Riad and Mahmoud, 2020). In spite of the fact that among all groups of beetles, Tenebrionidae (darkling beetles) ranks 7 th in terms of species diversity, due to the degree of the scarcity of knowledge regarding the phylogeny and systematics of the group, its monophyly has been addressed, as well as those of the subfamilies and tribes that belong to it (Condamine et al, 2011;Riad and Mahmoud, 2020).…”

Quantity of Spring Migration of Migratory Soaring Birds Over the Eastern Desert of Egypt

“…Egypt covers an enormous zone of the Great Rift Valley same with a few nations in this flyway, it is in a huge geographic area, with a wide range of temperatures and geology. Furthermore, the nation contacts a few distinct civic establishments, religions, and societies (Riad, 2019;Riad and Mahmoud, 2020;Mahmoud and Riad, 2020). Egypt benefits enormously from this biodiversity, it is an important pass for the soaring bird's migration as it is situated on the mainland connect between the Eurasian and African landmasses that connections rearing grounds in Eurasia with wintering zones in Africa (Bergen, 2007;CarlBro, 2010;Bergen and Gaedicke, 2013).…”

Recording of the Spring Migration of Soaring Birds Through Gebel El Zeit, Eastern Desert, Egypt

“…Egypt covers an enormous zone of the Great Rift Valley, as a few nations in this flyway, and characterized with diversity in geology and temperatures. Furthermore, the nation contacts a few distinct civic establishments, religions, and societies [1,2] . Egypt benefits enormously from this biodiversity, it is an important pass for the soaring birds' migration, as it is situated on the mainland connection between the Eurasian and African landmasses that connects breeding grounds in Eurasia with wintering zones in Africa [3] .…”