Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species

Nater, Alexander; Mattle-Greminger, Maja P.; Nurcahyo, Anton; Nowak, Matthew G.; Manuel, Marc de; Desai, Tariq; Groves, Colin P.; Pybus, Marc; Sonay, Tugce Bilgin; Roos, Christian; Lameira, Adriano R.; Wich, Serge A.; Askew, James; Davila‐Ross, Marina; Fredriksson, Gabriella; Valles, Guillem de; Casals, Ferrán; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Goossens, Benoît; Verschoor, Ernst J.; Warren, K.S.; Singleton, Ian; Marques, David Alexander; Pamungkas, Joko; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah; Rianti, Puji; Tuuga, Augustine; Gut, Ivo; Gut, Marta; Orozco‐terWengel, Pablo; Schaik, Carel P. van; Bertranpetit, Jaume; Anisimova, Maria; Scally, Aylwyn; Marquès-Bonet, Tomàs; Meijaard, Erik; Krützen, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.020

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, shotgun metagenomics can facilitate both high‐resolution taxonomic and functional analyses (Koskella et al., ; Quince et al., ; Ranjan, Rani, Metwally, McGee, & Perkins, ). The advent of affordable high‐throughput sequencing has seen an ever‐increasing number of population genomics studies in a wide range of study systems (e.g., Der Sarkissian et al., ; Jones et al., ; Nater et al., ; Poelstra et al., ). This affords an unprecedented opportunity to exploit sequencing data to secondarily investigate the microbial communities associated with the sampled tissue of their host (Ames et al., ; Lassalle et al., ; Mangul et al., ; Salzberg et al., ; Zhang et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐derived population genomics data provides insights into bacterial and diatom composition of the killer whale skin

et al. 2018

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Recent exploration into the interactions and relationship between hosts and their microbiota has revealed a connection between many aspects of the host's biology, health and associated micro-organisms. Whereas amplicon sequencing has traditionally been used to characterize the microbiome, the increasing number of published population genomics data sets offers an underexploited opportunity to study microbial profiles from the host shotgun sequencing data. Here, we use sequence data originally generated from killer whale Orcinus orca skin biopsies for population genomics, to characterize the skin microbiome and investigate how host social and geographical factors influence the microbial community composition. Having identified 845 microbial taxa from 2.4 million reads that did not map to the killer whale reference genome, we found that both ecotypic and geographical factors influence community composition of killer whale skin microbiomes. Furthermore, we uncovered key taxa that drive the microbiome community composition and showed that they are embedded in unique networks, one of which is tentatively linked to diatom presence and poor skin condition. Community composition differed between Antarctic killer whales with and without diatom coverage, suggesting that the previously reported episodic migrations of Antarctic killer whales to warmer waters associated with skin turnover may control the effects of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of microbiome studies from host shotgun sequencing data and highlights the importance of metagenomics in understanding the relationship between host and microbial ecology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐derived population genomics data provides insights into bacterial and diatom composition of the killer whale skin

et al. 2018

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“…Ever since the Tapanuli orangutan ( Pongo tapanuliensis ) was described two years ago (Nater et al, ) it has frequently been in the news for two primary reasons. First, because of the excitement generated by the discovery of the first new extant great ape species since 1929.…”

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The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation

Wich

Fredriksson²,

Usher³

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…This taxonomic diversity greatly exceeds extant hominids, and is within the range of the number of proposed extinct hominin genera (4–7), and species (8–20) . Extant members of the family Hominidae include four genera ( Homo , Pan , Gorilla , and Pongo ), and up to eight different species . Genetic data indicate that hylobatids diverged from hominids 16 to 20 million years ago .…”

Section: Hylobatid and Hominin Evolutionary Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 88%

Look in the trees: Hylobatids as evolutionary models for extinct hominins

Zichello

2018

Evolutionary Anthropology

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Studying extant apes is of central importance to paleoanthropology. This approach is informative in inferring how hominin skeletal morphology reflects phylogeny, behavior, development, and ecological context. Traditionally, great apes have dominated the paleoanthropological literature as extant analogs for extinct hominins, to the exclusion of their phylogenetic sister group, the hylobatids. Phylogenetic proximity, large body size, and high encephalization quotients may have contributed to decisions to use great apes as models for hominins. However, if we reexamine hylobatids as extant models for extinct hominins-using modern phylogenetic, behavioral, and ecological data-this clade is uniquely poised to inform future frameworks in paleoanthropology. The following features make hylobatids strong analogs for extinct hominins: taxonomic diversity, the timing of diversification, hybridization between species, small body size, and reduced sexual dimorphism. Based on these shared features, hylobatids offer future opportunities to paleoanthropology, and provide a much richer extant analog than is currently recognized.

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Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Host‐derived population genomics data provides insights into bacterial and diatom composition of the killer whale skin

Host‐derived population genomics data provides insights into bacterial and diatom composition of the killer whale skin

The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation

Look in the trees: Hylobatids as evolutionary models for extinct hominins

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