Morphometric and enzymatic effects of neonatal lead exposure in the rat brain

Louis-Ferdinand, Robert T.; Brown, David R.; Fiddler, Stephen F.; Daughtrey, Wayne C.; Klein, Albert

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(78)90014-5

Cited by 39 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For example, in the current analyses, the quality of the HOME, measured at ages 3-4 years, explained 25-30% of (35), is a site that accumulates lead in animals (36)(37)(38) and in humans (39). In particular, the strongest associations with lead were found with the Perceptual Organization factor, while lead was less strongly associated with the Verbal Comprehension factor, even after covariate adjustment.…”

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confidence: 81%

Lead Exposure and Intelligence in 7-Year-Old Children: The Yugoslavia Prospective Study

Wasserman¹,

Liu²,

Lolacono³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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For a prospecdive study of lead exposure and early development, we recruited pregnant women from a lead smelter town and from an un town in Yugoslavia and followed their children through 7 years ofage. In this paper we consider associations between lifetime lead exosure, estimated by the area under the blood lead (BPb) versus time curve (AUC7), and intelligence, with particular concern for identiying lead's behavioral signature. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Version III (WISC-III) was administered to 309 7-year-old children, 261 of whom had complete data on intllince, blood lead, and relevant sociodemographic covariates [i.e., Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME), birth weight, gender, sibship size, and maternal age, ethnicity, intelligence, and education]. These showed anticipated associations with 7-year intelligence, eplaning 4147% of the variance in Full Scale, Performance, and Verbal IQ. Before covarate adjustment, AUC7 was unrelated to intelligece; after adjustment, AUC7 explained a s4iflcant 2.8%-4.2% of the variace in IQ. After adjustment, a change in lifitime BPb from 10 to 30 pg/dl related to an estimated decrease of 4.3 Full Scale IQpoints; estimated decreases for Verbal and Performance IQ were 3.4 and 4.5 points, respeely. AUC7 was significantly and negtily related to three WISC-III factor scores: -Freedom from Distactibility, Perceptual Organization, and Verbal Comprehension; the association with Perceptual Organization was the strongest. Consistent with previous studies, the IQ/lead association is small relative to more powerful social factors. Findings offer suppor for lead's behavioral siture: perceptual-motor skils are significantly more sensitive to leud exposure than are the language-related aspects of intelligence. Key swrd:. child development, intelligence, lead, perceptual motor functioning, WISC-IlI. Environ Heakh Perspect 105:956-962 (1997). hp//ehis.nie/inih.gov

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confidence: 81%

Lead Exposure and Intelligence in 7-Year-Old Children: The Yugoslavia Prospective Study

Wasserman¹,

Liu²,

Lolacono³

et al. 1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Second, body weight of the HL group had recovered by adulthood (McCarren and Eccles, 1983~). Finally, although lead has been reported to affect various neurotransmitter systems (Hrdina et al, 1980), the changes appear to be negligible several months after lead exposure has ceased (Sobotka et al, 1975;Grant et al, 1976;Louis-Ferdinand et at., 1978;Memo et al, 1981). It has been shown, however, that if growing synapses do not receive an appropriate degree of functional stimulation, they may-not develop normally (Globus and Scheibel, 1967;Parnavelas et al, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postnatal lead exposure is reported to affect the development of various aspects of hippocampal morphology (Louis-Ferdinand et al, 1978;Campbell et al, 1982;Kiraly and Jones, 1982). It is well established that interference with brain growth during the perinatal period can lead to permanent abnormalities (Winick, 1970;Langman et al, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of lead during critical periods of dendritic growth and synaptic formation could lead to long-term changes in hippocampal function. Several reports indicate that neonatal lead exposure results in alterations in hippocampal morphology (Louis-Ferdinand et al ; and in behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of those seen in hippocampectomized rats (Jason and Kellogg, 1980). Electrical stimulation of the hippocampus produces a characteristic afterdischarge (AD) that is readily observed and contains elements that are amenable to quantification, e.g., AD duration, threshold current intensity, and spike frequency.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spectral Analysis of Kindled Hippocampal Afterdischarges in Lead‐Treated Rats

1984

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Male rats were exposed to lead from parturition through weaning. When subjected to electrical hippocampal kindling as adults, although there were no alterations in the kindling rates, lead-treated animals were found to differ from controls in several other respects. In contrast to controls, lead-treated animals did not show an increase in afterdischarge (AD) duration with kindling, and the power spectrum of the AD did not shift to a higher peak frequency. There was a clear dose-related effect of lead on the spectra of the kindled AD, which in lead-treated groups was characterized by greater power in the low-frequency bands. These data indicate that long-lasting dysfunction can occur following a brief neonatal lead exposure. Power spectral techniques may be useful for future studies in neurotoxicology and epilepsy.

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“…In addition, reproductive capability was examined in some of the male offspring from dams previously exposed to UWB. Lead acetate (Pb) was administered as a positive control on the basis of past reports of effects on development of hippocampal cell layers [Louis-Ferdinand et al, 1978]; open-®eld locomotor behavior [Rodrigues et al, [1993]; watermaze performance [Jett et al, 1997]; ultrasonic vocalization in neonates [Ruoss et al, 1987]; and reproductive performance of both males and females [McGivern et al,1991].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural and behavioral teratological evaluation of rats exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic fields

Cobb

Jauchem

Mason

et al. 2000

Bioelectromagnetics

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Several investigators have reported teratologic effects of electromagnetic field exposure. The majority of these studies have been performed at levels of exposure that could produce substantial heating of the animals. New and unique sources of ultra-wideband (UWB) electromagnetic fields are currently being developed and tested that are capable of generating nonthermalizing, high-peak-power, microwave (MW) pulses with nanosecond (ns) pulse widths, picosecond (ps) rise times, and an UWB of frequencies. Our study was performed to determine if teratological changes occur in rat pups as a result of (i) daily UWB exposures during gestation days 3-18, or (ii) as a result of both prenatal and postnatal (10 days) exposures. Dams were exposed either to (i) UWB irradiation from a Kentech system that emitted a 55 kV/m-peak E field, 300 ps rise time, and a 1.8 ns pulse width, average whole-body specific absorption rate 45 mW/kg; (ii) sham irradiation; or (iii) a positive control, lead (Pb) acetate solution (2000 microg/ml) continuously available in the drinking water. Offspring were examined for ontogeny (litter size, sex-ratios, weights, coat appearance, tooth-eruption, eye-opening, air-righting, and ultrasonic stress vocalizations). Male pups were tested on various performance measures (locomotor, water-maze learning, and fertilization capabilities). The pups postnatally exposed were examined for hippocampal morphology and operant behavior. Behavioral, functional, and morphological effects of UWB exposure were unremarkable with these exceptions: (i) The UWB-exposed pups emitted significantly more stress vocalizations than the sham-exposed pups; (ii) the medial-to-lateral length of the hippocampus was significantly longer in the UWB-exposed pups than in the sham-exposed animals; (iii) male offspring exposed in utero to UWB mated significantly less frequently than sham-exposed males, but when they did mate there was no difference in fertilization and offspring numbers from the sham group. There does not appear to be a unifying physiological or behavioral relationship among the significant differences observed, and our findings could be due to the expected spurious results derived when a large number of statistical comparisons are made. Significant effects found between our positive-controls and other groups on numerous measures indicates that the techniques used were sensitive enough to detect teratological effects. Bioelectromagnetics 21:524-537, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Morphometric and enzymatic effects of neonatal lead exposure in the rat brain

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Lead Exposure and Intelligence in 7-Year-Old Children: The Yugoslavia Prospective Study

Lead Exposure and Intelligence in 7-Year-Old Children: The Yugoslavia Prospective Study

Spectral Analysis of Kindled Hippocampal Afterdischarges in Lead‐Treated Rats

Neural and behavioral teratological evaluation of rats exposed to ultra-wideband electromagnetic fields

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