Morphometric analysis of smooth muscle in the anterior vaginal wall of women with pelvic organ prolapse

Boreham, Muriel K.; Wai, Clifford Y.; Miller, Rodney T.; Schaffer, Joseph I.; Word, R. Ann

doi:10.1067/mob.2002.124843

Cited by 152 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The fraction of smooth muscle in the anterior vaginal wall shows great variability among individuals [7], and its contractility is significantly decreased in women with pelvic organ prolapse [8,9]. Patients with prolapse have also been found to have alterations in collagen ratios and turn over of collagen [10][11][12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior vaginal wall length and degree of anterior compartment prolapse seen on dynamic MRI

et al. 2007

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The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between midsagittal vaginal wall geometric parameters and the degree of anterior vaginal prolapse. We have previously presented data indicating that about half of anterior wall descent can be explained by the degree of apical descent present (Summers et al., Am J Obstet Gynecol, 194:1438−1443, 2006. This led us to examine whether other midsagittal vaginal geometric parameters are associated with anterior wall descent. Magnetic resonance (MR) scans of 145 women from the prior study were suitable for analysis after eight were excluded because of inadequate visibility of the anterior vaginal wall. Subjects had been selected from a study of pelvic organ prolapse that included women with and without prolapse. All patients underwent supine dynamic MR scans in the midsagittal plane. Anterior vaginal wall length, location of distal vaginal wall point, and the area under the midsagittal profile of the anterior vaginal wall were measured during maximal Valsalva. A linear regression model was used to examine how much of the variance in cystocele size could be explained by these vaginal parameters. When both apical descent and vaginal length were considered in the linear regression model, 77% (R 2 =0.77, p<0.001) of the variation in anterior wall descent was explained. Distal vaginal point and a measure anterior wall shape, the area under the profile of the anterior vaginal wall, added little to the model. Increasing vaginal length was positively correlated with greater degrees of anterior vaginal prolapse during maximal Valsalva (R 2 =0.30, p<0.01) determining 30% of the variation in anterior wall decent. Greater degrees of anterior vaginal prolapse are associated with a longer vaginal wall. Linear regression modeling suggests that 77% of anterior wall descent can be explained by apical descent and midsagittal anterior vaginal wall length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterior vaginal wall length and degree of anterior compartment prolapse seen on dynamic MRI

et al. 2007

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“…It is known that a predominantly estrogenic environment promotes epithelial and muscular tissue hyperplasia in the vagina and on the other hand when estrogen concentration is reduced, during old age, or when the individuals are ovariectomized, there is atrophy of the uterus and vagina walls (Boreham et al, 2002;Pessina et al, 2006). After the bunnies are weaned there are changes in the endocrine profile of the breeding doe amongst which ES concentration increase and prolactin concentration reduction are the most notable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Histometric Parameters of Uterus and Vagina in Breeder Female Rabbits on the Day After Weaning According to the Ordinal Number of Parturitions

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY:The objective of this study was to establish in New Zealand female rabbits, the effect of ordinal number of parturitions on some histological parameters on the day after weaning. Tissue fragments of uterus and vagina were obtained from females of first, second and third parturitions and were processed imbedding them in paraffin in order to do histological cuts. In eight microscope fields captured by a camera connected to an optic microscope, the lumen and glandular endometrial epithelium height, as well as the thickness of vaginal and myometrium epithelium thickness were measured. From the results that were obtained it was concluded that there are significant differences (p<0.05) in histological parameters evaluated in uterus and vagina between does of different parturitions, which indicates that the number of parturitions has an effect on histometric characteristics of genital tract organs in breeder female rabbits.

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“…As easily torn during dissection, adventitia was excluded from our analysis. To account for variations in stretch conditions and muscularis thickness throughout the vaginal length (20), the site of tissue collection was standardized at the anterior middle portion of the vaginal vault for all study groups. The authors (MB or MA), not blinded for the samples status, immediately received the tissue biopsies from the surgeon in the operative room and further performed the biochemical assays under direct supervision of the senior author (OS).…”

Section: Patient's Selection and Tissue Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes responsible for vaginal extracellular matrix metabolism are modulated by women's reproductive cycle and menopause

Shynlova

Bortolini²,

Alarab

2013

Int. braz j urol.

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Objectives: To analyze the expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) biogenesis and remodeling in vaginal tissue of women with clinically normal pelvic floor support (defined as controls) according to the phase of menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Materials and Methods:This study examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and the Lysyl oxidase (LOX) family genes in the anterior vaginal wall of Caucasian women by real-time RT-PCR. Initially, mRNA expression was assessed in premenopausal controls in the secretory (group 1, n = 10) vs. proliferative (group 2, n = 8) phase of menstrual cycle. In addition, we compared premenopausal controls in the proliferative phase (group 2) vs. postmenopausal controls (group 3, n = 5). Finally, we analyzed postmenopausal controls (group 3) vs. postmenopausal women with advanced POP (group 4, n = 13). Results: According to the phase of menstrual cycle, MMP1 was significantly reduced (p = 0.003), whereas the expression of TIMP1 and LOXL4 was significantly up-regulated during proliferative phase (both p < 0.01) when compared to the secretory phase in premenopausal control women. Regarding menopausal status/ageing, all MMPs were down--regulated, while TIMP3, TIMP4 and LOXL2 were significantly up-regulated in postmenopausal control women when compared to premenopausal controls (p = 0.005, p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, correspondingly). TIMP4 and LOXL2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in postmenopausal POP patients compared to asymptomatic postmenopausal controls (p < 0.01 for both). Conclusions: Our results indicate that ovarian cycle and age-related changes influence the expression of genes encoding proteins responsible for ECM metabolism in human vagina. Moreover, POP is associated with alteration in vaginal ECM components after menopause.

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Morphometric analysis of smooth muscle in the anterior vaginal wall of women with pelvic organ prolapse

Cited by 152 publications

References 9 publications

Anterior vaginal wall length and degree of anterior compartment prolapse seen on dynamic MRI

Anterior vaginal wall length and degree of anterior compartment prolapse seen on dynamic MRI

Histometric Parameters of Uterus and Vagina in Breeder Female Rabbits on the Day After Weaning According to the Ordinal Number of Parturitions

Genes responsible for vaginal extracellular matrix metabolism are modulated by women's reproductive cycle and menopause

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