Morphometric analysis of pelvic sexual dimorphism in a contemporary Western Australian population

Franklin, Daniel; Cardini, Andrea; Flavel, Ambika; Marks, Murray K.

doi:10.1007/s00414-014-0999-8

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Sexual dimorphism is population specific due to the differences in geographical location, as well as in the evolutionary influences and experiences of these groups [23,25,26]. Thus, the standards derived from the South African population increased overall classification accuracies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in cranial morphology among modern South Africans

et al. 2014

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Pattern-expressions of morphoscopic cranial traits vary across populations with classification accuracies being highly dependent on the reference collection to which unknown skulls are compared. Despite recent developments in population-specific standards for South Africans, researchers have not addressed the accuracy of morphological methods. Several studies demonstrate differences in sexual dimorphism between South Africans and North Americans, warranting a need to re-evaluate sex estimation methods in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and accuracy of the Walker (2008) method and to examine patterns of sexual dimorphism among South Africans.A total of 245 modern black and white South African male and female crania from the Pretoria Bone Collection, University of Pretoria, were scored using the Walker (2008) methodology. Cohen's Kappa was used to evaluate reliability of the method and percent correct assessed validity of the method. Logistic regression was utilised to create modified population-specific formulae.Inter-and intra-observer agreement was moderate to excellent (0.60-0.90), except for the mental eminence (0.40). The percent correct results for sex were 80% or higher for combinations of glabella, mastoid and menton and between 68% and 73% for menton, mastoid, orbital and nuchal margin using logistic equations 2 of Walker (2008). White males had the highest (94-97%) and white females had the lowest (31-62%) percent correct.The low accuracies obtained when using Walker (2008) emphasized the need for population-specific sex estimation models. Modified formulae for South Africans were created, yielding higher classification rates (84-93%) than when North American standards were employed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in cranial morphology among modern South Africans

et al. 2014

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“…At prior, it is important to assess the levels of accuracy of these foreign standards and the degree of dissimilarity between the original reference sample and to those for whom these standards are applied 48,49 . Age estimation in living thus needed to be performed using appropriate population-specific standards 47 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Balla

Galić

Karunakar

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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Abstract:Deliberate falsification of age was considered to be one of the main reasons for forensic age estimation of the living individuals. This posed to be a challenging task during criminal and legal proceedings, and ultimate care must be taken not to classify juveniles as adults. Third molars are the only developing teeth during late adolescence and early adulthood. Our study was designed to analyze the usefulness of the third molar maturity index (I3M) specific cut-off value (I3M <0.08) to discriminate adults (≥ 18 years) and juveniles (<18 years) in South Indian children.216 panoramic radiographs (114 females and 102 males) of living subjects aged between 14 and 21 years were analyzed. Our results demonstrated high sensitivity (83.3% and 90.2%) and specificity (98.3 % and 95.1%) for females and males respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of being adult were 50.00 and 18.35 while the negative likelihood ratios were 0.17 and 0.10 in females and males respectively. The estimated posttest probability was 98.0% in females and 94.8% in males. The obtained results showed that the specific cut-off value of I3M <0.08 may be a useful additional tool in discrimination of individuals who are around 18 years of age.

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“…In considering the accuracy of skeletal sex assessments in general, the pelvis is highly dimorphic [38] as it has a specific morphology related to biological function (e.g. accommodating childbirth in females).…”

Section: [ ( F I G _ 1 ) T D $ F I G ]mentioning

confidence: 99%